Comparative Anatomy and Tissue Functions

Flat Bone

Thin, flat structure providing protection and support.

Short Bone

Cube-shaped bone providing stability and support.

Tarsals

Ankle bones; support weight and movement.

Carpals

Wrist bones; facilitate hand movement.

Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation.

Ventral Body Cavity

Contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures for movement.

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures for propulsion.

Muscle Contraction Sequence

Nerve impulse triggers calcium release, muscle fibers contract.

Masseter Muscle

Primary muscle for chewing and jaw movement.

Muscle Cells

Known as myocytes; consist of actin and myosin.

Sarcomeres

Basic contractile units in striated muscle.

Epiphyseal Plate

Growth plate allowing bone lengthening during development.

Osteocyte

Mature bone cell maintaining bone tissue.

Bone Remodeling Hormone

Calcitonin regulates bone density and calcium levels.

Red Bone Marrow

Site of blood cell production in bones.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Fatty tissue; stores energy and fat.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue providing strength and structure.

Hyaline Cartilage

Smooth tissue reducing friction at joints.

Minerals in Bone

Calcium and phosphorus stored for strength.

Functions of Skin

Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis.

Eccrine Glands

Sweat glands regulating body temperature.

Thin Skin Layer

Stratum lucidum is absent in thin skin.

Nail Production Site

Nail matrix produces new nail cells.

Root Hair Plexus Function

Detects hair movement and pressure.

Areolar Tissue

Loose connective tissue providing support and elasticity.

Hypodermis Structure

Subcutaneous layer; insulates and anchors skin.

Parasagittal Plane

Divides body into unequal left and right parts.

Anatomical Position

Standard body position for reference in anatomy.

Dorsal Body Cavity

Contains the brain and spinal cord.

Cellular Transport Types

Includes diffusion, osmosis, active transport, etc.

Antebrachial Region

Refers to the forearm area.

Second Messenger Role

Amplifies signals in cellular communication pathways.

Heart vs Lungs Cavity

Pericardial cavity for heart; pleural for lungs.

Ball and Socket Joint

Allows multi-directional movement; example: shoulder.

Thumb Joint

Saddle joint enabling opposable thumb movement.

Vertebral Column Regions

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.

Elevation vs Circumduction

Elevation raises body parts; circumduction circular movement.

Pronation

Rotating forearm to face downwards.

Abduction

Movement away from the body's midline.

Adduction

Movement towards the body's midline.

Supination

Rotating forearm to face upwards.

Joint Classifications

Synarthroses: immovable; Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable; Diarthrosis: freely movable.

Syndesmosis

Joint connected by ligaments allowing slight movement.