Pyruvate Oxidation and Krebs Cycle

Pyruvate oxidation (step 1)

Carboxyl group is removed as CO₂ from decarboxylation

Pyruvate oxidation (step 2)

Remaining 2 C is oxidized into acetate and NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH

Pyruvate oxidation (step 3)

Sulfur containing CoA is attached to the acetate forming Acetyl CoA. 

krebs (step 1)

Acetate binds to Oxaloacetate to form Citrate

krebs (step 2)

Citrate is converted to Isocitrate

krebs (step 3)

Isocitrate is converted to 𝞪-Ketoglutarate

• CO2 is given off and one NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH

krebs (step 4)

𝞪-Ketoglutarate is converted to Succinyl-CoA

•  Another CO2 is given off and another NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH

krebs (step 5)

Succinyl-CoA loses the CoA to become Succinate

• ATP is generated

krebs (step 6)

Succinate is converted to Fumerate

• FAD is reduced to FADH₂

krebs (step 7)

Fumerate is converted to Malate with the addition of water

krebs (step 8)

Malate is converted back to Oxaloacetate with the donation of two hydrogen atoms

end result

For every Glucose molecule, the cycle turns twice

• Net ATP Production: 2

• Net NADH Production: 6

• Net FADH₂ Production: 2