NOTES-MATH-10-STATISTICS-to-FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION-TABLE

Statistics?

A scientific body of knowledge that deals with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Collection

The gathering of information or data.

organizing or presenting data

Summarizing data in textual, graphical, or tabular forms.

Analysis

Describing the data using statistical methods and procedures.

Interpretation

Making conclusions based on the analyzed data.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistical procedure concerned with describing the characteristics of a group.

Inferential Statistics

Statistical procedure used to draw inferences about a larger group based on a sample.

What is a Sample?

A small portion or part of a population, representing the population

What is a Parameter in statistics?

Any numerical or nominal characteristic of a population.

Statistic

An estimate of a parameter obtained from a sample.

Qualitative Data

Data that assume values reflecting attributes, also known as categorical data.

Quantitative Data?

Numerical data obtained from counting or measuring.

Variable

A characteristic or property of a population or sample that differs among members.

Discrete Variable

Data that can be counted and assumes a finite number of values.

Continuous Variable

Data that can be measured and assumes infinite values within a specified interval.

Dependent Variable

A variable that is affected or influenced by another variable.

Independent Variable.

A variable that affects or influences the dependent variable.

Constant

A property or characteristic of a population that makes members similar.

Nominal Level

Classifies data according to categories with no ranking.

Ordinal Level

Involves data arranged in order, but no quantifiable differences between data.

What is the Interval Level of Measurement?

Data arranged with meaningful amounts of differences but no true zero.

What is the Ratio Level of Measurement?

An interval level with an inherent zero starting point.

Slovin's Formula

To determine the sample size from a given population.

Direct or Interview Method

Method where the researcher has direct contact with the interviewee.

What is the Indirect or Questionnaire Method?

Method that uses a written questionnaire to collect data.

What is the Experimental Method?

Method used to find out cause and effect relationships.

What is Stratified Random Sampling?

Dividing the population into distinct groups and drawing samples from each.

What is the purpose of a Frequency Distribution Table?

To show data arranged into different classes or categories with corresponding frequencies.

What is a Stem-and-Leaf Plot?

A method to sort data according to patterns using stems and leaves.

What is the average calculated for a class in frequency distribution?

The class mark, which is the midpoint of the class interval.

How is the Class Width (i) calculated?

Based on the highest and lowest values divided by the desired number of classes.