Studied by 33 people
Economics
The study of how people allocate limited resources
Science
Is the attempt to empirically falsify theories about the world
Deductive Reasoning
Universal Statement —> Particular Statement
Inductive Reasoning
Particular Statement —> Universal Statement
An argument consists of:
Premises and Conclusions
Premise
Statements assumed to be true
Conclusions
Statements desired from premises
Sound Argument
A valid argument with true premises
Logical Fallacy
Type of invalid argument
Logical Fallacy - Ad Hominem
When the person making the argument is attacked instead of the argument itself
Logical Fallacy - Ad Populum
Appeal to popularity instead of logic
Logical Fallacy - Appeal to Emotion
Using emotion instead of logic
Logical Fallacy - Appeal to Authority or Experts
Using experts opinions to make an argument instead of facts and logic
Logical Fallacy - Straw Man
When you twist your opponents words into something that they did not mean, and which is easy to argue against
Logical Fallacy - Red Herring
An attempt to redirect the conversation away from its original topic
Logical Fallacy - Genetic Fallacy
Is the act of rejecting or accepting an argument on the basis of its origin rather than its content
Logical Fallacy - Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc
Assuming that one thing caused another merely because the first thing preceded the other
Logical Fallacy - Begging the Question
An argument’s premises assume the truth of the conclusion
Logical Fallacy - Appeal to Novelty
In which one prematurely claims that an idea or proposal is correct or superior, exclusively because it is a new and modern
Logical Fallacy - Appeal to Tradition
To ignore the evidence that we should change something because we have been doing something for a long time
Statistical Fallacy - Biased Samples
Drawing a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased, or chosen in order to make it appear the population on average is different than it actually is
Statistical Fallacy - Overgeneralization
Making a claim based on evidence that is just too small
Statistical Fallacy - Correlation Implies Causation
In which two events occurring together are taken to have established a cause-and-effect relationship
Statistical Fallacy - Base Rate Fallacy
The tendency to ignore relevant statistical information in favour of case-specific information
Statistical Fallacy - Berkson’s Paradox
Finding a conclusion about something that isn’t necessarily true
