Heimler AP World Unit One Review

Chinese Song Dynasty

A period marked by state-building efforts and the spread of Buddhism in neighboring regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

Role of Buddhism in Song China

Buddhism's teachings, including the Four Noble Truths, evolved into different forms, notably Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that encouraged broader participation in the pursuit of enlightenment.

Economy in Song China

The economy was crucial for state-building, benefiting from inherited prosperity and population growth from previous dynasties.

Song Dynasty Economic Development

Population doubled between the 8th and 10th centuries, leading to increased trade of goods like porcelain and silk.

Champa Rice

An agricultural innovation that matured early, resisted drought, and allowed multiple harvests per year, contributing to food production.

Grand Canal

An important transportation innovation that facilitated trade and communication during the Song Dynasty.

Dar al Islam

Regions where Islamic faith was prominent, encompassing practices of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.

Abbasid Caliphate

Its decline led to the rise of Turkic Muslim empires, such as the Seljuk Empire, which continued military and legal practices.

South and Southeast Asia Belief Systems

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam were the main religions, with Buddhism declining in South Asia.

State Building in South and Southeast Asia

Belief systems significantly influenced state-building efforts, with Hinduism remaining dominant in India.

Delhi Sultanate

Established Muslim influence in India, leading to the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia.

Bhakti Movement

A Hindu movement emphasizing devotion to one god, challenging traditional social hierarchies.

Rajput Kingdom

Resisted Muslim intrusion in South Asia, maintaining Hindu influence.

Vijayanagara Empire

Emerged in southern India as a counterpoint to northern Muslim rule.

Aztec Empire

Established through aggressive expansion and a tribute system that included human sacrifice.

Inca Empire

Known for its centralized bureaucracy and the Mit'a system for labor on state projects.

Mississippian Culture

Focused on agriculture and monumental mounds in North America.

Swahili Civilization

Cities organized around commerce and Indian Ocean trade, influenced by Muslim traders.

Great Zimbabwe

Gained power through trade, especially gold exports, while maintaining indigenous religion.

Kingdom of Ethiopia

A Christian state that flourished through trade with the Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula.

Christianity in Europe

Divided into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholicism, with the Byzantine Empire representing the former.

Feudalism

A decentralized political organization in Europe involving lords, vassals, and military service.

Centralized Monarchies

Monarchs began to gain power after 1000 CE, leading to the gradual centralization of states.