EEOB 2520 Questions Exams 1-6

[Exam 1] Migratory birds require water when making their nonstop flights south in the autumn. Since their physiology is fairly similar to ours, we correctly realize that during these flights the birds are ___ humans because they will ___.

A) Like - be requiring our Eq. 3 to avoid an increase in pH.

B) Unlike - producing large amounts of tricarbonate.

C) Unlike - be utilizing our Eq. 2 with a focus on avoiding water loss.

D) Like - be utilizing our Eq. 4 to determine that increases in pressure occur when volumes decrease.

D

[Exam 1] Goldy Gopher just started a new job in Denver, Colorado (aka the Mile High City) and realizes that location has a much greater altitude than his prior home of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Consequently, Goldy correctly realized that he will experience a(n) ____ due to the new conditions in Denver and this experience will be ___ if he decides to return to Minneapolis.

A) Feedforward - irreversible

B) Adaptation - reversible

C) Acclimatization - reversible

D) Developmental acclimatization - irreversible

C

[Exam 1] While in the RPAC sauna, Brutus Buckeye significantly raised his body temperature. He stayed in the sauna but put on a sweatshirt and sweatpants. His actions are an example of

A) Negative feedforward

B) Negative feedback

C) Positive feedback

D) Feedforward

C

[Exam 1] In which of the following activities is one of your homeostatic control systems utilizing its efferent pathway?

A) Crossing the path of a smelly skunk.

B) Getting kicked by your relative.

C) Slapping at a mosquito sitting on your arm.

D) Having cold ice cream spilt on your hand.

C

[Exam 1] Dr. Chris P. Bacon had an enjoyable, relaxing vacation, but now must return to work. He has been scheduled for his first month back to work the night shift. Dr. Bacon realizes that he will need to ___ to being awake at night but also knows that his body will utilize ___ to alter his ___ for determining when to sleep.

A) Adapt - genetic changes - set point

B) Acclimate - environmental cues - set point

C) Acclimate - environmental cues - steady state

D) Adapt - genetic changes - steady state

B

[Exam 1] Dr. Scarlet is evaluating a new Patient X. This 12-year old was born with webbed fingers and lost one thumb to a knife accident two years earlier. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that these two components of Patient X

A) Only include one developmental acclimatization.

B) Includes two acclimatizations.

C) Includes two developmental acclimatizations.

D) Only includes one acclimatization.

A

[Exam 1] Phys Phab Caroline is trying to get some stress-relieving exercise and beat the heat by jogging though the sprinklers on the Oval. She correctly realizes based on our Equation #___ that if the volume of water moving through sprinkler were doubled than the pressure in that sprinkler would be ___.

A) 3 - decreased

B) 4 - increased

C) 3 - increased

D) 4 - decreased

B

[Exam 1] While looking for good deals on Physio-bay over break, Phys Phab Dustin found and purchased a Magic Shrink Ray. Using the setting of "ion", he took a stroll last night between two of his roommate's cells but without ever being outside of either of the cells. He correctly realized that he was most likely utilizing the path of a(n)

A) Tunneling junction

B) Gap nanotube

C) Direct communicator

D) Juxtacrine

C

[Exam 1] Which is a correct statement about homeostasis?

A) It is the state at which the body is held at a set range.

B) The body's response to a disruption from homeostasis could be to maintain the disruption.

C) All three statements are correct

D) It does not involve energy expenditure to maintain.

B

[Exam 1] Dr. May Zen Blue does not like the BuckeyeNation. Dr. Blue has created a toxin, while present in the victims, that causes them to no longer be able to generate cheers for the Scarlet and Gray teams. Which could be a correct statement about this toxin?

A) Both statements are correct

B) This toxin could travel between cells via tunneling junctions.

C) This toxin likely does not cause a developmental acclimatization to occur.

D) Neither statement is correct

C

[Exam 1] Which is a correct statement about the reflex template?

A) Both statements are correct

B) The stimulus is sometimes external.

C) Neither statement is correct

D) The effector cannot be activated before the receptor.

A

[Exam 1] Brutus Buckeye regularly walks to work at The James. Due to the 90°F temperature last week, Brutus started to sweat on the walk to lower his body temperature. Correctly recalling his physiology, he realized that, for this walk,

A) All three statements are correct

B) Sweating is his stimulus.

C) Sweating will return his temperature to set point.

D) He is doing a negative feedforward process.

C

[Exam 1] Which is a correct statement about our critical equations?

A) Both statements are correct

B) A sugar is combined with oxygen to create ADP in our Equation #2.

C) Only two of our equations are reversible.

D) Neither statement is correct

C

[Exam 1] While shadowing in a medical lab, you are given a sample of venous blood that is high in carbon dioxide. You correctly realize that your measurement of ___ in this sample should be ___.

A) All three statements are correct

B) pH - elevated

C) HCO3- - very low

D) Acidity - increased

D

[Exam 2] Puddles (aka The Oregon Duck) was at a pond gathering with lots of both his fellow ducks and his much larger than himself geese friends. Considering his physiology knowledge, he realized that he would be making an accurate analogy by having himself and his fellow ducks be the ____ to those geese as the ___. But, he also correctly realized that, this analogy would only be valid if the numbers of these two bird types were ___.

A) Cholesterol - phospholipids - the same

B) Cholesterol - phospholipids - much greater for the geese

C) Phospholipids - cholesterol - much greater for the geese

D) Phospholipids - cholesterol - the same

A

[Exam 2] Dr. Gray correctly advises Patient X who is currently healthy that an increase of ___ like ___ in the diet would currently be beneficial.

A) Electron donors - Vitamin D

B) Oxidants - melatonin

C) Free radicals - superoxide anion

D) Antioxidants - nitric oxide

A

[Exam 2] To reach the receiving cell, paracrines travel via the ___ fluid which is the ___.

A) Extracellular - compartment with less than 10% of the total water

B) Intrastitial - midsized compartment

C) Extracellular - midsized compartment

D) Intrastitial - compartment with less than 10% of the total water

C

[Exam 2] Phys Phab Dustin loaned his Magic Shrink Ray to Phys Phab Brittany. She kept the "ion"-size setting and entered her roommate's body. Knowing that she would like to spend some time in the liver and also the brain, she correctly grabs hold of a(n) ___ so she can visit both places on her trip.

A) Paracrine

B) Neurotransmitter

C) Endocrine

D) Autocrine

C

[Exam 2] A problem-causing feature of some cancer cells is that they can signal themselves to increase their growth rate. The effectiveness of these cancer cells could be reduced the most if a medicine could be given that would prevent communication via

A) Juxtacrines.

B) Paracrines.

C) Autocrines.

D) Gap junctions.

C

[Exam 2] Endocrines travel in the ___ fluid compartment and will do so most easily when they are ___.

A) Smallest - nonpolar

B) Largest - lipophobic

C) Smallest - lipophobic

D) Largest - nonpolar

C

[Exam 2] Dr. May Zen Blue decides to eat a salad while considering her next method to take down BuckeyeNation. She notices that the dressing for her salad needs to be shaken before she can pour it on her salad. Turning her focus to this salad-dressing bottle, she correctly realizes that

A) The separation pre-shaking is due to viscosity differences.

B) The shaking is required because one of the covalent bonds types is present.

C) There are hydrogen bonds present in this bottle.

D) The oil portion of the dressing is lipophobic.

C

[Exam 2] Patient X has frequent shoulder dislocations, overly stretchy skin, and thin blood vessels because the connective tissue in her body is too flexible. Dr. Scarlet told her that her body produces a defective form of a fibrous protein used to hold cells together. Consequently, her connective tissues are too stretchy. Which fibrous protein is defective in Patient X?

A) Collagen.

B) Fibronectin.

C) Fibroblasts.

D) Elastiblasts.

A

[Exam 2] Brutus Buckeye has been working on an article highlighting the similarities of body organization in humans and the mice he studies. Two correct statements from his paper were that redundancy is a trait of the kidneys ___ the heart and that not all organs contain all ___ types of cells.

A) But not - five

B) But not - four

C) And - four

D) And - five

B

[Exam 2] Which is a correct statement about organs?

A) Neither statement is correct

B) All organs have at least one functional unit, but not all organs can benefit from redundancy.

C) Both statements are correct

D) Two organs can be composed of the exact same tissue types.

C

[Exam 2] Dr. Chris P. Bacon has just recovered from battling the seasonal flu last week. He correctly realizes that

A) All three statements are correct

B) His recovery would be hindered by taking supplemental melatonin.

C) His levels of IPF2(alpha)-I (a common free radical) should be increasing.

D) His free radical levels are lower this week than they were last week.

D

[Exam 2] As a fun Labor Day adventure, Phys Phab Abbey has taken her turn with the Magic Shrink Ray but switched the setting to "red blood cell" for size. During her adventure, she found herself surrounded by rope- and rubberband-like structures attached to multiple cells. She correctly realized that she was

A) More likely to encounter a paracrine than an endocrine.

B) All three statements are correct

C) Within the largest fluid compartment.

D) Viewing structures made by matrixocytes.

A

[Exam 2] Which is a correct statement about how the three main categories of extracellular messengers could be regrouped?

A) Endocrine and neurotransmitter could be combined because only they can be released by neurons.

B) Neither statement is correct

C) Paracrine and neurotransmitter could be combined because they utilize the same pathway to travel.

D) Both statements are correct

C

[Exam 2] During a recent lunch, a friend was talking about getting collagen injections. You correctly told him that this product

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Would be impacting structures his largest fluid compartment.

C) Would be disrupting the hydrophobic interactions that have developed in him.

D) Both statements are correct

A

[Exam 2] A particular parietal cell (cell type in the stomach) went to a "body cell mixer" (all guests from the same body) and hit it off with an alpha cell from the pancreas. They correctly realized that

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Cells from each of their individual organs could be from the same primary cell category.

C) They are unlikely to have the same proteome.

D) Both statements are correct

D

[Exam 3] Krebs cycle ___ occur independently of glycolysis and leads to the development of ___.

A) Can - bicarbonate

B) Cannot - bicarbonate

C) Cannot - pyruvate

D) Can - pyruvate

A

[Exam 3] This week Dr. Chris P. Bacon was given a newly discovered type of cell to investigate. He determined that they have a decreased rate of diffusion for sodium when compared to typical cells. Consequently, he correctly realized that he needs to determine if these new cells have

A) An increased gradient for sodium.

B) A thinner plasma membrane.

C) Ligands missing for their voltage-gated sodium channels.

D) A reduced surface area.

D

[Exam 3] As a fun study break, Phys Phab Casey takes her turn with the Magic Shrink Ray and switched the setting to "protein" for size. During her adventure, she found herself next to a structure formed by claudins. She correctly realized that she is

A) In the smallest fluid compartment.

B) Next to a gap junction.

C) Near a junction that does allow intracellular fluid flow.

D) Near a junction that does not allow extracellular fluid flow.

D

[Exam 3] Which is a correct statement about the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

A) They both make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

B) ETC produces less ATP per glucose than Krebs.

C) They both are dependent on oxygen.

D) They both do not occur within the mitochondria.

C

[Exam 3] As a homework assignment for his Physiology Lab, Brutus Buckeye created 2L of a solution containing 3 mol Ca+2, 1 mol HCl, 2 mol MgCl2, and 3 mol NADH. Unfortunately, he spilled half of it when taking it to his TAs desk. His Phys Lab TA correctly measured the turned-in solution's osmolarity as

A) 14 osm

B) 7 osm

C) 4 osm

D) 8 osm

B

[Exam 3] A muscle cell from the heart went to a "body cell mixer" (all guests from the same body) and hit it off with a red blood cell. They correctly realized that

A) For each glucose, red blood cell on average makes significantly fewer ATPs than the muscle cell.

B) The red blood cell can only make ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.

C) They are both from the same primary cell type.

D) If they went to the red blood cell's home location, they would be more likely to encounter paracrines than endocrines.

A

[Exam 3] Which is a correct statement about the strongest of the cell linkages?

A) They are not also a method of communication.

B) They force transcellular movement.

C) They are formed by claudins.

D) Extracellular fluid cannot flow around them.

A

[Exam 3] For the proteins associated with the plasma membrane, a correct statement would be that ___ proteins are ___ and they ___ be removed easily from the plasma membrane.

A) A rare few integral - transmembrane - cannot

B) All peripheral - in the glycocalyx - can

C) All peripheral - lipophobic - can

D) All integral - amphipathic - can

C

[Exam 3] Which is a correct statement about diffusion across the plasma membrane?

A) Osmosis is the diffusion of solutes from low to high concentration.

B) It requires a product of substrate level phosphorylation to occur.

C) When there is more sodium outside of the cell, the sodium will always diffuse into the cell.

D) It will not always occur for small, nonpolar compounds like oxygen.

D

[Exam 3] Dr. May Zen Blue's evil plans against BuckeyeNation must be stopped. Dr. Blue's latest plan involves shutting down the oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the Buckeye victims. You correctly realize that, if successful, Dr. Blue's plan will cause the BuckeyeNation victims to

A) Have increasing levels of lactate present.

B) All three statements are correct

C) No longer have ATP being made in their mitochondria.

D) Still be able to recycle some electron carriers.

B

[Exam 3] Phys Phab Ankit ordered a coffee at the Phys Caphe, specifically a latte (coffee with sugar and whole milk, not fat-free milk). While waiting for his coffee to cool so he could sip it, Phys Phab Ankit correctly realized that

A) His coffee contains components that would allow his metabolism to only have one starting point.

B) His coffee will lead to ATPs being created by all three methods for making ATP.

C) His coffee does not contain ATPs that will be immediately used by his cells for energy.

D) All three statements are correct.

C

[Exam 3] In an attempt to ensure a victory for his team, Captain 'Cane plans to add a small, nonpolar toxin into the water for the football Buckeye players. To stop this toxin, you correctly realize that you could

A) Chemically transform the toxin into a hydrophobic compound.

B) Create a protein that binds to the toxin.

C) Remove all the protein channels and transporters for this toxin.

D) All three statements are correct

B

[Exam 3] While preparing for this assessment, you correctly notice that you can make a connection between this week's material and prior material by stating that

A) The glycocalyx and the extracellular matrix both limit cell growth.

B) The viscous water of the intracellular matrix can flow around gap junctions.

C) Both statements are correct

D) Neither statement is correct

A

[Exam 3] Dr. Scarlet's Patient X has a previously unseen component in the plasma membrane. Investigating this component, Dr. Scarlet learns that it is embedded within the membrane and correctly determines that

A) This structure could be an integral protein but not a peripheral protein.

B) This structure might be amphipathic.

C) All three statements are correct

D) If this structure has carbohydrate structures attached to it, they will only sometimes be on the extracellular side of the membrane.

A

[Exam 3] Which is a correct statement about diffusion and osmosis?

A) Water moves based on osmosis which is basically the opposite of diffusion.

B) Both will cause gradients to decrease.

C) All three statements are correct

D) Unlike diffusion, osmosis moves solutes towards the higher osmolarity.

B

[Exam 4] Which is a correct statement about signal transduction?

A) A regularly used method to decrease DNA transcription would be to endocytose the receptors.

B) All lipophilic ligands utilize plasma binding proteins.

C) Down regulation of insulin's impacts is most typically accomplished by catabolizing its receptors.

D) Hydrophilic ligands never enter the receiving cells.

D

[Exam 4] Cells remove integral proteins from the plasma membrane via ___. If this process happens more than ___, then the cell will become ___.

A) Endocytosis - exocytosis - smaller

B) Exocytosis - endocytosis - smaller

C) Exocytosis - endocytosis - bigger

D) Endocytosis - exocytosis - bigger

A

[Exam 4] As a fun study break, Phys Phab Yushin takes her turn with the Magic Shrink Ray keeping the setting at "protein" for size. Unlike the prior users, she decides to wear a special full-covering body suit that has a hydrophobic outer coating. She correctly realized that

A) She will only be able to bind to receptors on the surface of the cells.

B) She will not have trouble when moving between two neurons.

C) She will need a hydrophobic plasma binding protein for her travels in the blood.

D) To increase activation of ligands like herself, the receptors will most typically need to be exocytosed.

B

[Exam 4] Which is a correct statement about the plasma binding proteins?

A) They do not bind to nonpolar paracrines.

B) They might have a lipophobic section.

C) Their loss would definitely not have an impact on DNA transcription.

D) They assist ligand movement across the plasma membrane.

A

[Exam 4] Which is a correct statement based on a single cycle of the primary active transporter example we discussed in lecture?

A) The energy of two ATPs is required to complete this single cycle.

B) When ATP is catabolized, the transporter moves to being open to the largest fluid compartment.

C) The sodium is not the driving ion for the potassium.

D) Less sodium than potassium is transported.

C

[Exam 4] Dr. Gray's Patient X has had all acetylcholine (ACh; important neurotransmitter) chemically altered such that it no longer binds as well to its receptor. As a consequence, Dr. Gray correctly realizes that

A) Either the shape or the charge of acetylcholine was altered.

B) A drug acting as an antagonist would resolve Patient X's condition.

C) The altered acetylcholine is very likely to be found in the smallest fluid compartment.

D) The specificity has been decreased due to this alteration.

A

[Exam 4] The sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) is a type of ___ and is ___ ATP.

A) Facilitated diffusion - independent of

B) Active transport - independent of

C) Facilitated diffusion - dependent on

D) Active transport - dependent on

D

[Exam 4] Which is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion?

A) It will sometimes decrease a concentration gradient.

B) It occurs via channels.

C) It always requires binding of the transportee.

D) It cannot be saturated.

B

[Exam 4] For a cell to decrease the likelihood of receiving lipophilic messages (i.e., to get less of a response), it should ____ its ____ receptors.

A) Endocytose - intracellular

B) Catabolize - intracellular

C) Endocytose - membrane-bound

D) Catabolize - membrane-bound

B

[Exam 4] Which is a correct statement about osmotic pressure?

A) Both statements are correct

B) A higher osmotic difference will result in a higher osmotic pressure.

C) Neither statement is correct

D) It requires at least one nonpenetrating solute and an impermeable membrane.

B

[Exam 4] This week Dr. Chris P. Bacon was tasked to observe how a set of cells react to large, unwanted particles. The cells begin by bringing these particles into themselves for destruction. Which is a correct statement about this destruction process?

A) It will cause these cells to increase in size.

B) It will directly cause an increase in the rate of the forward/rightward direction of our Equation #1.

C) These cells might have cholesterol in their plasma membranes.

D) All three statements are correct

B

[Exam 4] Dr. Scarlet's Patient Y has an overstimulated leg muscle. The doctor correctly proposes a treatment strategy that ___ the overstimulated cells.

A) Lowers the specificity of the ligand for the receptors in

B) Introduces an agonist to

C) Both statements are correct

D) Neither statement is correct

D

[Exam 4] Phys Phabs Lauren arranged for water balloons (halfway filled) to be created for this Saturday. The Phys Phab Team will use them on Zippy as he hops around the stadium in support of his team. While filling the balloons, Lauren correctly realized that

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Both statements are correct

C) Placing salt-water-filled balloons in a bucket of tap water would cause them to shrink.

D) The water balloons will be developing an osmotic pressure while being filled up.

A

[Exam 4] An osteocyte (makes bone) from the thigh went to a "body cell mixer" (all guests from the same body) and hit it off with a pneumocyte from the lung. They quickly determined that the pneumocyte had a much higher rate of transcription between the two cell types. Therefore, they correctly realized that the pneumocyte

A) Could have an overall higher affinity for lipophilic ligands.

B) Both statements are correct

C) Could have anabolized more intracellular receptors.

D) Neither statement is correct

B

[Exam 4] Dr. May Zen Blue's evil plans against BuckeyeNation must be stopped. Dr. Blue's latest plan involves changing the tastebuds of BuckeyeNation so they are unable to register/bind the wonderful tailgate food. You correctly realize that, to be successful, Dr. Blue's plan could involve

A) Both statements are correct

B) Adding a compound to their pregame drinks that acts as an antagonist for the receptors in the tastebuds.

C) Neither statement is correct

D) Alter the receptors in the tastebuds such that they have a decreased affinity.

A

[Exam 5] Which is a correct statement about myelin?

A) From the primary cell types, myelin is not within the "neuron" category.

B) The myelin associated with the interneurons is often created by oligodendrocytes.

C) Nodes of Ranvier are required within each Schwann cell.

D) Myelinated axons hinder distance travel because they block action potentials from occurring.

A

[Exam 5] A leucocyte (white blood cell) from the immune system went to a "body cell mixer" (all guests from the same body) and hit it off with an interneuron. The leucocyte correctly realized that

A) Only the interneuron can experience an outflux of anions which would be a depolarization.

B) Only the interneuron can experience convergence.

C) It cannot experience graded potentials, unlike the interneuron.

D) The two of them alone could create an example of spatial summation.

B

[Exam 5] The cause of the significant depolarization portion of an action potential is a ___ feedback process which occurs due to an ___.

A) Positive - influx of sodium

B) Negative - influx of sodium

C) Positive - outflux of potassium

D) Negative - outflux of potassium

A

[Exam 5] When a cell is ___, a(n) ___ stimulus is said to have occurred.

A) Hyperpolarizing - stimulatory

B) Repolarizing - inhibitory

C) Repolarizing - stimulatory

D) Hyperpolarizing - inhibitory

D

[Exam 5] To gain an advantage on Saturday, The Scarlet Knight has forgone jousting with Brutus Buckeye but has instead given him a toxin that causes Brutus to be unable to send signals to his central nervous system. Consequently, you correctly determine that the consequence in Brutus might be due to

A) An agonist present in his second largest fluid compartment.

B) Damage having occurred to his interneurons' dendrites.

C) Damage having occurred to his afferent neurons' dendrites.

D) A lack of neurotransmitters available for release from the mid-sized category of neurons

B

[Exam 5] Which is a correct statement about the membrane potential?

A) It is calculated based on only the gradients for sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride.

B) It is measured as Vm which is the electrical difference across the plasma membrane.

C) It cannot be impacted by osmolarity changes for a cell.

D) It is the equivalent to electrical potential.

B

[Exam 5] As a fun study break, Phys Phab Grant takes his turn with the Magic Shrink Ray switching the setting at "cell" for size. He decides to spend his visit in the brain. He watches Neuron A receive multiple stimuli at the exact same time. He correctly realizes that this ___ summation could result in a(n) ___ potential if a(n) ___ potential occurs.

A) Temporal - action - threshold

B) Spatial - action - threshold

C) Temporal - threshold - action

D) Spatial - threshold - action

B

[Exam 5] This week Dr. Chris P. Bacon was tasked to observe a new set of cells that have shorter than typical myelin coverings. Therefore, Dr. Bacon correctly realizes that these neurons

A) Are actually typical neurons.

B) Will have the same number of nodes of Ranvier.

C) Will have increased conduction velocity.

D) Could only be located in the peripheral nervous system.

A

[Exam 5] What is the benefit of hyperpolarization during an action potential?

A) Allows for the quick return to the resting potential.

B) Allows for unidirectional movement along an axon.

C) Allows for the large change in the membrane potential.

D) Allows the sodium channels be become inactivated.

B

[Exam 5] Dr. May Zen Blue's evil plans against BuckeyeNation must be stopped. Dr. Blue's latest plan involves a toxin that when ingested prevents BuckeyeNation from being able to utilize their faster type of synapse. You correctly realize that this toxin

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Both statements are correct

C) Will be impacting the chemical synapses.

D) Will not be impacting the most commonly utilized type of synapse.

D

[Exam 5] Which is a correct statement about gap junctions?

A) Their cadherin proteins will not be impacted by Vm changes.

B) Neither statement is correct

C) Both statements are correct

D) They can also be called chemical synapses.

B

[Exam 5] Which is a correct statement about the action potentials?

A) Both statements are correct

B) On a myelinated axon, they actually jump from one node to the next node.

C) Their size is dependent on the original graded potential in the area.

D) Neither statement is correct

D

[Exam 5] Dr. Gray's Patient X has contracted a deadly virus that targets dendrites and prevents them from functioning. Which is a correct statement about consequences of this virus that Dr. Gray expects to observe?

A) Both statements are correct

B) Patient X's body will still be able to accomplish physiological changes.

C) Neither statement is correct

D) The function of Patient X's afferent neurons will not be altered.

D

[Exam 5] The amplitude of an action potential can be increased as a result of

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Higher receptor availability in the neuron.

C) Both statements are correct

D) Greater calcium availability in the presynaptic cell.

A

[Exam 5] Dr. Scarlet's Patient Y has been exposed to a toxin that is an antagonist for channels. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that this toxin's impact on the voltage-gated sodium channels in Patient Y's neurons will be

A) Neither statement is correct

B) To cause them to be effectively closed whether the threshold potential is reached or not.

C) To cause them to be unable to be inactivated.

D) Both statements are correct

A

[Exam 6] When activated, the sympathetic nervous system will use ___ of our fluid compartments for its chemical signals and move the body ___ steady state.

A) Two - toward

B) Only one - toward

C) Two - away from

D) Only one - away from

C

[Exam 6] Which is a correct statement about the nervous system?

A) The activities of the autonomic nervous system are under conscious control.

B) The most commonly used neuropeptide is acetylcholine.

C) Accidental damage due to an external source will more likely impact the afferent instead of the efferent nervous system.

D) Unlike the sympathetic nervous system, the somatic nervous system sends signals to effectors.

C

[Exam 6] While jogging on the path along the Olentangy River, Brutus Buckeye found himself suddenly throwing up his right arm. Only then did he realize that he was blocking a large rock that had been thrown at him by Testudo who had been hiding in the shallow water by the bank. After protecting himself from this unseen rock, Brutus correctly realized that his ___ processed the rock coming at him before his ___.

A) Diencephalon - cerebral cortex

B) Thalamus - cerebellum

C) More recent brain area - more ancient one

D) Diencephalon - forebrain

A

[Exam 6] Dr. Gray's Patient X is consistently losing their balance but shows no deficits associated with speaking or memory. Consequently, Dr. Gray expects to find damage localized to their

A) All three will be damaged.

B) Hypothalamus.

C) Cerebellum.

D) Cerebral cortex.

C

[Exam 6] This week Dr. Chris P. Bacon was tasked to observe some postganglionic neurons. Therefore, Dr. Bacon correctly realizes that these neurons

A) Will always immediately impact the effector.

B) Will sometimes release acetylcholine.

C) Will always have their cell bodies in the CNS.

D) Will sometimes have dendrites.

B

[Exam 6] Which is a correct statement about the brain?

A) Its ventricles utilize our Eq. 4.

B) The hypothalamus controls very crude movements.

C) The cerebellum helps with our coordination and is located just above the cerebrum.

D) The brainstem is critical for voluntary motor control.

A

[Exam 6] Dr. Scarlet's Patient Y has their neurons associated with cognition and behavior is overstimulated. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that to reduce this overstimulation

A) Both statements are correct

B) Acetylcholine could be added near these neurons.

C) Neither statement is correct

D) The presynaptic neurons for these neurons could have an antagonist added for their calcium channels.

C

[Exam 6] Which is a correct statement about the sensory nervous system?

A) All three statements are correct

B) Thermoreceptors are not responsible for the sensation of a burn.

C) The system is most typically associated with the last steps of the reflex template.

D) The fastest receptor design is the first of the three designs.

B

[Exam 6] A melanocyte from the skin went to a "body cell mixer" (all guests from the same body) and hit it off with a preganglionic neuron. While conversing, the melanocyte learned that this neuron causes increased cardiac output. Therefore, the melanocyte correctly realized that this neuron

A) Has a similar or longer axon when compared to other preganglionic neurons.

B) Is a part of the parasympathetic nervous system.

C) Does not release epinephrine.

D) Has its cell body in the PNS (when not at a mixer).

C

[Exam 6] Dr. Chris P. Bacon accidentally got a pretty severe sunburn last weekend (aka he got fried). He correctly realizes that he is at risk for further sunburns because he lacks the ___ to detect ___ and thus does not know that he is receiving a lot of UV light.

A) Modality - photons

B) Adequacy - UV light

C) Adequacy - photons

D) Modality - UV light

B

[Exam 6] Phys Phab Meredith has borrowed the Magic Shrink Ray this week. Instead of taking a trip through a friend's body, she decides to enter an individual who was born with all of his preganglionic axons of identical length. During her trip, Phys Phab Meredith observes that this individual has sympathetic preganglionic neurons ___ activating parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.

A) Sometimes

B) Never

C) Always

D) Not possible to observe

A

[Exam 6] Which is a correct statement about our central nervous system?

A) The axons of the afferent neurons are on the more protected dorsal side of the spinal cord.

B) All three statements are correct

C) A component of its diencephalon links our nervous and endocrine systems.

D) The most recent component accounts for only 50% of the total brain weight.

C

[Exam 6] While taking a histology (aka microanatomy) course, Carmen is given an afferent neuron and its associated receptor. Based on just her prior knowledge of physiology, she correctly states that this set

A) Neither statement is correct

B) Has the receptor directly determining the modality.

C) Both statements are correct

D) Will have an increased adequacy when compared to an afferent neuron also being the receptor.

C

[Exam 6] Which is a correct statement about the adrenal medulla?

A) It signals via the largest fluid compartment.

B) It is not a part of the kidneys.

C) It is the preganglionic neuron cell bodies.

D) All three statements are correct

B

[Exam 6] Dr. May Zen Blue's evil plans against BuckeyeNation must be stopped. Dr. Blue's latest plan involves a toxin that when ingested by a BuckeyeNation victim prevents calcium from being able to change fluid compartments. You correctly realize that this toxin

A) Both statements are correct

B) Will prevent the exocytosis of neurotransmitters from postsynaptic cells.

C) Must not be acting as an antagonist for the calcium channels in the axon terminals.

D) Neither statement is correct

C