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自 (self, oneself, one's own, naturally, spontaneously)
自分で:じぶんで (on one's own)
自動車:じどうしゃ (automobile)
自転車:じてんしゃ (bicycle)
全自動:ぜんじどう (completely automatic)
自ら:みずから (by oneself)
路 (road, path, way, street)
道路:どうろ (road)
路上:ろじょう (on the street)
交 (cross, intersect, coming and going, associate with, exchange)
交通:こうつう (traffic, transportation)
交通安全:こうつうあんぜん (traffic safety)
外交:がいこう (diplomacy)
交換する:こうかんする (to exchange)
通 (pass, commute, go through, thorough, knowledge of, let through, street, as per, in accordance with, according to)
交通;こうつう (traffic, transportation)
通る:とおる (to pass through)
通す:とおす (to allow to pass through)
一方通行:いっぽうつうこう (one way traffic)
通行人:つうこうにん (passerby)
車で大学に通います:くるまでだいがくにかよいます (I commute to the university by car)
転 (roll, turn, change, tumble, fall down)
運転:うんてん (driving)
自転車:じてんしゃ (bicycle)
道で転んだ:みちでころんだ (I stumbled on the street)
駐 (be resident, stationed in, stop)
駐車する:ちゅうしゃする (to park)
駐車場:ちゅうしゃじょう (parking lot)
教 (teaching, religion, be taught)
教える:おしえる (to teach, to explain)
教室:きょうしつ (classroom)
教科書:きょうかしょ (textbook)
教会:きょうかい (church)
教わる:おそわる (to be taught)
窓 (window)
窓:まど (window)
窓を開ける:まどをあける (to open the window)
窓口:まどぐち (window for buying tickets, etc.)
同窓会:どうそうかい (class reunion)
閉 (close, shut, become closed)
本を閉じる:ほんをとじる (to close a book)
窓を閉める:まどをしめる (to close a window)
窓が閉まる:まどをしまる (a window closes)
閉館:へいかん (closing a building)
消 (extinguish, turn off (a light), erase, cancel out, go/die out, dissapear)
電気を消す:でんきをけす (to turn off the electricity)
電気が消える:でんきがきえる (the electricity goes off)
消しゴム:けしごむ (pencil eraser)
消防車:しょうぼうしゃ (fire truck)
変 (change, weird, strange, flat (in music), disturbance)
色を変える:いろをかえる (to change the color)
季節が変わった:きせつがかわった (the season changed)
大変な仕事:たいへんなしごと (tough job)
変ですね:へんですね. (that's strange)
季節が変わる:きせつがかわる (the seasons changes)
故 (deceased, reason, cause, circumstance, old, former)
事故:じこ (accident)
交通事故:こうつうじこ (traffic accident)
故障する:こしょうする (to have a mechanical breakdown)
故に:ゆえに (hence, therefore - formal/written expression)
ask how to do something (structure)
conjunctive form of verbs + 方(かた)
- 方 is a noun phrase. The direct object particle を and other particles before the verb are replaced by の
- for the する compound verbs like 勉強する、の is put before し方
how to do something - example sentences
友だちにたこやきの作り方を教えてもらいました。
この漢字の読み方が分かりません。
空港までの行き方を教えていただけませんか。
お金の使い方。
すしの食べ方。
バスの乗り方。
チケットの予約のし方。
asking how to do something
教えてくれませんか。
教えていただけますか。
教えていただけませんか。
集める(あつめる) (T)
to gather (things, people) together, to collect
集まる(あつまる) (I)
to gather together
始める (T)
to begin (something)
始まる (I)
to begin
見つける (T)
to find
見つかる (I)
to be found
残す(のこす) (T)
to leave behind
残る(のこる) (I)
to be left, to remain
終わる・終える (T)
to end (something)
終わる (I)
to (come to an) end
乗せる (T)
to put on a vehicle, to give a ride to
乗る (I)
to board a vehicle, to ride
立てる・建てる (T)
to erect, to build
立つ・建つ (I)
to stand, to be built
通す (T)
to send through, to allow to pass through
通る (I)
to pass through, to go along (a road)
起こす (T)
to wake (someone) up
起きる (I)
to wake up
上げる (T)
to raise
上がる (I)
to rise, to go up
まちがえる (T)
to make a mistake (about something)
まちがう (I)
to be in error
直す (T)
to fix
直る (I)
to get better
落とす(おとす) (T)
to drop (something)
落ちる(おちる) (I)
to fall (from a height)
下げる(さげる) (T)
to lower (something)
下がる(さがる) (I)
to go down
こわす (T)
to break (something)
こわれる (I)
to become broken
つける (T)
to turn on, attach
つく (I)
be on, stick, become attached
消す (T)
to turn off, put out
消える (I)
be off, turned off, extinguished
かける (T)
to hang, to lock, to spend
かかる (I)
to be hung, be locked, have spent
ならべる (T)
to line up (something)
ならぶ (I)
be lined up, get in line
置く
to put
出す (T)
to put out, to take out
出る (I)
to go out, to come out, appear
止める (T)
to stop (something)
止まる (I)
to come to a stop
動かす(うごかす) (T)
to set in motion, to move (something)
動く(うごく) (I)
to move, be in motion
変える (T)
to change (something)
変わる (I)
to (undergo) change
Express resultant states using ている (structure) - "something occurred, and the resulting state remains"
て-form of intransitive verb + いる
- the て-form + いる can also express action in progress
almost all the intransitive verbs that have transitive partners are called "punctual verbs" that describe situations (not direct actions)
- by an unidentified individual or natural force
- verbs such as 食べる、走る、見る、聞く、書く、読む and 作る denote actions that can be continued indefinitely
Express resultant states using ている sentence examples
- かべにきれいなえがかかっている。
- れいぞうこに牛にゅうが入っている。
Express results of intentional actions using てある (structure) - "something has been done with purpose, someone has done something"
て-form of transitive verb + ある
- the agent of the action is commonly omitted, because he or she is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context
- in this construction, the direct object can be marked by either が or を
- done with some purpose or for some reason
- can also indicate something is (or is not) ready
Express results of intentional actions using てある sentence examples
- 名前が書いてあるノート。
- さいふの中にいつも一万円さつが(を)入れてある。