JAPN 20A Quiz 5 Study Guide

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66 Terms

1
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自 (self, oneself, one's own, naturally, spontaneously)

自分で:じぶんで (on one's own)

自動車:じどうしゃ (automobile)

自転車:じてんしゃ (bicycle)

全自動:ぜんじどう (completely automatic)

自ら:みずから (by oneself)

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路 (road, path, way, street)

道路:どうろ (road)

路上:ろじょう (on the street)

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交 (cross, intersect, coming and going, associate with, exchange)

交通:こうつう (traffic, transportation)

交通安全:こうつうあんぜん (traffic safety)

外交:がいこう (diplomacy)

交換する:こうかんする (to exchange)

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通 (pass, commute, go through, thorough, knowledge of, let through, street, as per, in accordance with, according to)

交通;こうつう (traffic, transportation)

通る:とおる (to pass through)

通す:とおす (to allow to pass through)

一方通行:いっぽうつうこう (one way traffic)

通行人:つうこうにん (passerby)

車で大学に通います:くるまでだいがくにかよいます (I commute to the university by car)

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転 (roll, turn, change, tumble, fall down)

運転:うんてん (driving)

自転車:じてんしゃ (bicycle)

道で転んだ:みちでころんだ (I stumbled on the street)

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駐 (be resident, stationed in, stop)

駐車する:ちゅうしゃする (to park)

駐車場:ちゅうしゃじょう (parking lot)

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教 (teaching, religion, be taught)

教える:おしえる (to teach, to explain)

教室:きょうしつ (classroom)

教科書:きょうかしょ (textbook)

教会:きょうかい (church)

教わる:おそわる (to be taught)

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窓 (window)

窓:まど (window)

窓を開ける:まどをあける (to open the window)

窓口:まどぐち (window for buying tickets, etc.)

同窓会:どうそうかい (class reunion)

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閉 (close, shut, become closed)

本を閉じる:ほんをとじる (to close a book)

窓を閉める:まどをしめる (to close a window)

窓が閉まる:まどをしまる (a window closes)

閉館:へいかん (closing a building)

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消 (extinguish, turn off (a light), erase, cancel out, go/die out, dissapear)

電気を消す:でんきをけす (to turn off the electricity)

電気が消える:でんきがきえる (the electricity goes off)

消しゴム:けしごむ (pencil eraser)

消防車:しょうぼうしゃ (fire truck)

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変 (change, weird, strange, flat (in music), disturbance)

色を変える:いろをかえる (to change the color)

季節が変わった:きせつがかわった (the season changed)

大変な仕事:たいへんなしごと (tough job)

変ですね:へんですね. (that's strange)

季節が変わる:きせつがかわる (the seasons changes)

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故 (deceased, reason, cause, circumstance, old, former)

事故:じこ (accident)

交通事故:こうつうじこ (traffic accident)

故障する:こしょうする (to have a mechanical breakdown)

故に:ゆえに (hence, therefore - formal/written expression)

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ask how to do something (structure)

conjunctive form of verbs + 方(かた)

- 方 is a noun phrase. The direct object particle を and other particles before the verb are replaced by の

- for the する compound verbs like 勉強する、の is put before し方

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how to do something - example sentences

友だちにたこやきの作り方を教えてもらいました。

この漢字の読み方が分かりません。

空港までの行き方を教えていただけませんか。

お金の使い方。

すしの食べ方。

バスの乗り方。

チケットの予約のし方。

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asking how to do something

教えてくれませんか。

教えていただけますか。

教えていただけませんか。

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集める(あつめる) (T)

to gather (things, people) together, to collect

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集まる(あつまる) (I)

to gather together

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始める (T)

to begin (something)

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始まる (I)

to begin

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見つける (T)

to find

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見つかる (I)

to be found

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残す(のこす) (T)

to leave behind

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残る(のこる) (I)

to be left, to remain

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終わる・終える (T)

to end (something)

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終わる (I)

to (come to an) end

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乗せる (T)

to put on a vehicle, to give a ride to

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乗る (I)

to board a vehicle, to ride

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立てる・建てる (T)

to erect, to build

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立つ・建つ (I)

to stand, to be built

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通す (T)

to send through, to allow to pass through

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通る (I)

to pass through, to go along (a road)

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起こす (T)

to wake (someone) up

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起きる (I)

to wake up

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上げる (T)

to raise

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上がる (I)

to rise, to go up

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まちがえる (T)

to make a mistake (about something)

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まちがう (I)

to be in error

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直す (T)

to fix

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直る (I)

to get better

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落とす(おとす) (T)

to drop (something)

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落ちる(おちる) (I)

to fall (from a height)

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下げる(さげる) (T)

to lower (something)

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下がる(さがる) (I)

to go down

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こわす (T)

to break (something)

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こわれる (I)

to become broken

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つける (T)

to turn on, attach

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つく (I)

be on, stick, become attached

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消す (T)

to turn off, put out

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消える (I)

be off, turned off, extinguished

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かける (T)

to hang, to lock, to spend

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かかる (I)

to be hung, be locked, have spent

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ならべる (T)

to line up (something)

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ならぶ (I)

be lined up, get in line

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置く

to put

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出す (T)

to put out, to take out

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出る (I)

to go out, to come out, appear

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止める (T)

to stop (something)

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止まる (I)

to come to a stop

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動かす(うごかす) (T)

to set in motion, to move (something)

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動く(うごく) (I)

to move, be in motion

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変える (T)

to change (something)

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変わる (I)

to (undergo) change

63
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Express resultant states using ている (structure) - "something occurred, and the resulting state remains"

て-form of intransitive verb + いる

- the て-form + いる can also express action in progress

almost all the intransitive verbs that have transitive partners are called "punctual verbs" that describe situations (not direct actions)

- by an unidentified individual or natural force

- verbs such as 食べる、走る、見る、聞く、書く、読む and 作る denote actions that can be continued indefinitely

64
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Express resultant states using ている sentence examples

- かべにきれいなえがかかっている。

- れいぞうこに牛にゅうが入っている。

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Express results of intentional actions using てある (structure) - "something has been done with purpose, someone has done something"

て-form of transitive verb + ある

- the agent of the action is commonly omitted, because he or she is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context

- in this construction, the direct object can be marked by either が or を

- done with some purpose or for some reason

- can also indicate something is (or is not) ready

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Express results of intentional actions using てある sentence examples

- 名前が書いてあるノート。

- さいふの中にいつも一万円さつが(を)入れてある。