dental materials ch 1 and 4 quiz

dental materials

• is defined as the study and science of the development, properties, manipulation, care, evolution, and evaluation materials used in the treatment and prevention of dental disease

the earliest use of dental materials dates to about

• 600 BC

When was gold foil used to fill small cavities in italy

• 1500 AD

wax and plaster used around this time to make crude impressions

• 1500 AD

the first dental amalgam was used in

• 1800s, similar to the formula of today’s amalgam

when was the introduction of zinc phosphate cement which is still used today

• 1880s

hazardous chemical

• is defined as any chemical that has been shown to cause a physical or health hazard

acute chemical toxicity

• results from high levels of exposure over a short time

• frequently caused by a large chemical spill in which the exposure is sudden

chronic chemical toxicity

• results from repeated exposure, usually at lower doses, over a much longer time

why does studying dental materials enhance safety?

• appropriate handling and disposal of dental materials

why does studying dental materials promote awareness

• allows clinicians to have awareness of the overall success of a particular material’s properties in dental applications

why does studying dental materials maintain materials properly

• Recognition of dental materials present in the oral cavity

• effective cleaning, polishing, and instrumentation as a result

Why does studying dental materials allow the clinician to deliver correctly

• accurate knowledge of the behavior of a dental material on application

• correct manipulation of material

• effective delivery or assistance in the delivery of material (education)

American Dental Association

• established in 1930

• establishes rigorous guidelines for testing products

• ensures the efficacy of a product

• voluntary program

ADA seal of acceptance

• designed to help consumers make informed decisions about the safety and efficacy of products

U.S. food and drug administration (FDA)

• regulates dental devices and dental materials

• It is one of the oldest consumer protection agencies, designed to help consumers make informed decisions about the safety and efficacy of products

class I FDA regulation

• gloves and prophy paste

class II FDA regulation

• Amalgam or composite materials

class III FDA regulation

• implants or bone grafting materials

ISO (international organization for standardization) and FDI (world dental federation)

• Both international agencies listed here represent the standards used to develop specifications and testing on an international level

particulate matter

• extremely small particles (dust from dental plaster)

personal protective equipment

• PPE

• gloves, mask, gowns, eyewear, and other protective equipment for the employee

• These should be worn when using ANY dental material

bio-aerosol

• a cloudlike mist containing droplets, tooth dust, dental material dust, and bacteria of a particle size less than 5 microns in diameter

splatter

• small particles that may contain blood, saliva, oral particulate matter, water, and microbes

toxicity

• The degree to which a product or a chemical can cause damage to the body

flash point

• the lowest temperature at which the vapor of a volatile substance will ignite

  • low __ __ means that a substance can catch fire easily near an open flame (many solvents used with dental materials)

ignitable

• a material or chemical that can erupt into fire easily

• flammable or combustible

corrosive

• usually a strong acid or strong base that can cause damage to metals and equipment

• gradual chemical destruction of metallic materials

  • such as the rusting of metal instruments

reactive

• The reaction of opposing chemical substances that creates a different end product

• (chemically unstable or explosive, reacts violently with water, or is capable of giving off toxic fumes when mixed with water)

safety data sheet

• printed product reports from the manufacturer containing important information about the chemicals, hazards, handling, cleanup, and special PPE related to a product

pneumonconiosis

• Fibrotic lung disease that can be caused by chronic exposure to the dust generated in the manipulation of dental materials

hazardous materials in the dental office

• exposure to

  • particulate matter

  • mercury

  • toxic effects of chemicals

  • airborne contaminants

  • biological contaminants

DOs of eco-conscience green practices

• choose reusable

• use alcohol hand rubs when hands are not visibly soiled

• use trigger/pump sprays instead of aerosols

• eliminate discarding excess product past its expiration date (manage inventory)

• ensure accurate mixing of chemicals

• switch to digital instead of film x-rays

• ensure sterilizers and cleaning units are as full as possible

• use products made from recycled materials

• use products that are recyclable

top ten initiatives

1. Install an amalgam separator

2. Turn off equipment when not in use

3. reuse paper scraps

4. Use recycle bins and create a “green team” to bring items to recycling centers

5. Recycle shredded confidential patient information

6. convert to digital technology

7. Install solar or tinted shades

8. Install locked or programmable thermostats

9. install high efficiency light bulbs

10. Use non-toxic cleaners and dont use too much disinfectant

toxic

• The substance contains arsenic, barium, chromium, mercury, lead, silver, or certain pesticides

  • ex: dental amalgam, asbestos, lead foil