Lesson 1-4: Human Development, Personal Development, and Adolescent Development (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes on human development and personal development.

Physical Development

Growth of the body and brain, including motor and sensory skills and physical health.

Cognitive Development

Our capacity to learn, to speak, to understand, to reason and to create.

Psychosocial Development

Includes our social interactions, emotions, attitudes, self-identity, personality, beliefs, and values.

Heredity

Inborn traits passed on through generations from both sides of biological parents’ families.

Environment

The world outside ourselves and the experiences resulting from contact with this external world.

Maturation

Natural progression of the brain and body that affects cognitive, psychological, and social dimensions.

Personality Development

Development of social skills, self-presentation, and communication shaping personality.

Personal Development

A process of self-reflection to understand who you are, accept what you discover, and adjust values, attitudes, behavior, and thinking to reach your fullest potential.

Human Potential Movement

1960s counterculture that believes human potential is largely untapped and developing it leads to happiness and social change.

Existentialism

Philosophical theory emphasizing the individual’s free and responsible agency in development.

Humanistic Psychology

A psychology emphasizing inherent goodness, self-actualization, and the centrality of human experience.

Confucian Philosophy

Eastern philosophy focusing on virtue, social harmony, and proper relationships.

Ren (benevolence)

Compassion, empathy, and kindness toward others to promote harmonious relationships.

Plato’s Republic

Philosophical work describing a state governed by reason and justice, focusing on the common good.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Five-tier model of human needs culminating in self-actualization; lower needs must be met before higher ones.

Self-Actualization

Motivation to realize and fulfill one’s full potential.

Carl Rogers

Humanistic psychologist who emphasized the intrinsic tendency toward growth and maturity.

Big Five / Five-Factor Model

Five universal personality dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

OCEAN

Acronym for the Big Five dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

Openness to Experience

Curiosity, imagination, and receptiveness to new ideas and experiences.

Conscientiousness

Planning, organizing, hardworking, disciplined, and punctual behavior.

Extraversion

Sociability, talkativeness, energy in social interaction.

Agreeableness

Friendliness, warmth, trust, generosity, and cooperativeness.

Neuroticism

Tendency toward emotional instability and negative emotions.

MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)

Personality model based on four preferences: Extraversion–Introversion, Sensing–Intuition, Thinking–Feeling, Judging–Perceiving.

Extraversion vs Introversion

Energy source preferences: from social interaction (extraversion) or from solitary reflection (introversion).

Sensing vs Intuition

Preference for processing information via concrete senses vs patterns and insights.

Thinking vs Feeling

Decision-making based on logic and objectivity vs values and personal considerations.

Judging vs Perceiving

Preference for a planned, organized life vs a flexible, adaptable approach.

Descartes

Philosopher associated with mind–body dualism and rational thinking.

Mind-Body Dualism

The view that mind and body are distinct but interact.

Yin–Yang

Eastern concept of balance and dynamic movement between opposing forces.

Basic Drives

Biological needs such as hunger and thirst that motivate behavior.

Attitudes

A person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors toward a person, object, or situation.

Values

Core beliefs and principles guiding behavior and decisions.

Schwartz’s 10 Basic Values

Ten universal values identified by Shalom H. Schwartz: Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence, Universalism.

Virtues

Habitual dispositions to do good and moral excellence.

Cardinal Virtues

Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance.

Holism

Tendency to form wholes greater than the sum of parts through creative evolution.