Studied by 2 people
Psychology 101 - Fall 2023: Exam #1 - September 28, 2023
Abstract Thinking
capacity to understand hypothetical concepts
Bell Curve
distributions of scores in which the bulk of the scores fall toward the middle, with progressively fewer scores towards the “tails” or extremes
Between-Group Heritability
extent to which the difference in a trait between groups is genetically influenced
Convergent Thinking
capacity to generate the single best solutions to a problem
Crystalized Intelligence
accumulated knowledge of the world acquires over time
Culture-Fair IQ Test
abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language and is often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests (Raven’s Progressive Matrices)
Deviation IQ
expression of a person’s IQ relative to their same-aged peers
Divergent Thinking
capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem
Emotional Intelligence
ability to understand our own emotions and those of others, and to apply this information to our daily lives
Eugenics
movement in the early 20th century to improve a population’s genetic stock - encouraging those with good genes to reproduce and those with bad genes to not
Fluid Intelligence
refers to the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
Flynn Effect
finding that average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade
g (general intelligence)
hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellectual among people
Ideological Immune System
our psychological refences against evidence that contradicts our views
Intellectual Disability
condition characterized by an onset prior to adulthood, an IQ below about 70, an an inability to engage in adequate daily functions
Intelligence Quotient
IQ - systematic means of quantifying differences among people in their intelligence
Intelligence Test
diagnostic toll designed to measure overall thinking ability
Mental Age
age corresponding to the average individual’s performance on an intelligence test
Multiple Intelligence
idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
s (specific abilities)
particular ability level in a narrow domain
Stanford-Binet IQ Test
intelligence test based on the measure developed by Binet and Simon, adapted by Lewis Terman of Stanford University
Stereotype Threat
fear that we may confirm a negative group stereotype
Test Bias
tendency of a test to predict outcomes better in one group than another
Triarchic Model
model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg posting three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
most widely used intelligence test for adults today, consisting of 15 subsets to asses different types of mental abilities
Wisdom
application of intelligence toward a common good
Within-Group Heritability
extent to which the variability of a trait within a group is genetically influenced
Edwin Boring’s (1923) Definition of Intelligence
Intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure
Sir Francis Galton’s (1884)
theory that people with better senses acquire more knowledge
First Intelligence Test
Binet and Simon in 1905
Development of g and s factors
Charles Spearman (1927)
Cattell and Horn (1960s) Theorized…
intelligence is a mix of two capacities (fluid and crystallized)
Howard Gardner’s (1983)
“frames of mind” - ways of thinking about the world
Linguistics (types of intelligence)
speak and write well
Logical-mathematical (types of intelligence)
use logic and mathematical skills to solve problems (scientific question)
Spatial (types of intelligence)
think an reason about object in three-dimensional space
Musical (types of intelligence)
perform underside and enjoy music
Body-kinesthetic (types of intelligence)
manipulate in physical endeavors (sports)
Interpersonal (types of intelligence)
understand and interact effectively with others
Intrapersonal (types of intelligence)
understand and posses insight into self
Naturalistic (types of intelligence)
recognize, identify and understand living things (animals, plants)
Existential (types of intelligence)
the ability to grasp deep philosophical ideas (meaning of life)
Analytical intelligence
the ability to reason logically, or “book smarts”
Practical intelligence
the ability to solve real -world problems, or “street smarts”
Creative intelligence
the ability to come up with novel and effective answers
Prefrontal Cortex
active during highly “ g -loaded ” tasks
Central theme
speed of information processing is related to intelligence
Examples of Intellectual Disabilities
Fragile X syndrome and Down syndrome
Predictive Validity
test’s capacity to forecast outcomes
Mental Energy
the ability to focus on different problems for long periods of time
Threshold Effect
above a certain level of IQ intelligence is no longer predictive of important real world accomplishments
Intact Families
those in which family member live together in the same home
Study Genetic Influences
family, twin, adoption studies
Synapses
neutral connections
Emotional Reasoning/Affect of Heuristics
the tendency to judge the validity of an idea by our emotional reaction to it
Note
Flashcard