Science- Energy

Energy definition (formal)

Energy is the ability to do work

Energy measurements

Joules (J) kiloJoules (kJ) MegaJoules (MJ)

Kinetic energy def and example

The energy of motion, in which an object or being is moving

Types of kinetic energy

* Thermal
* Sound
* Light
* Mechanical
* Electrical

Potential energy def and example

Energy which is stored and contained until needed

Types of potential energy

* Elastic
* Electrical (electromagnetic)
* Gravitational
* Chemical

Convert 1 calorie to Joules

1 calorie = 4.18 Joules

How much energy is required to heat 1mL of water by 1 degree celcius

1 calorie or 4.18 Joules

Informal def for energy

Energy enables particles to move

Energy formula

Energy is equal to mass times speed of light squared (E=mc^2)

Convert Joules (J) to kiloJoules (kJ) and MegaJoules (MJ)

1 Joules = 0.001 kiloJoules = 0.000001 MegaJoules

Efficiency formula

Efficiency = Useful energy over Input energy X 100

(can never be 100% efficient)

Conduction def and example

The main way that heat energy moves through solids. Solid substances that allow heat energy to flow through quickly are good conductors of heat e.g metal.

Insulator def and example

Any material that keeps energy such as electricity, heat, or cold from easily transferring through e.g wool, plastic.

Convection def and example

The main way that heat energy moves through liquids and gasses, hot fluid rises and flows in a convection current.

Radiation def and example

energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light, e.g the heat of the sun reaches the Earth by infra-red waves (I.R).

1. How did your Rube Goldberg Machine meet the criteria?
2. Was your Rube Goldberg Machine successful?
3. What challenges did your group face?
4. How did you try to overcome these challenges?
5. What Habits of Mind helped you during the project?

answer

How much energy is needed to move 100g over 1 metre

1 joule of energy is used to move 100g over one metre.

Chemical energy def and example

potential energy which is stored in chemicals, e.g food and petrol.

Nuclear energy def and example

Energy stored inside atoms, e.g the sun and nuclear bombs which release nuclear energy.

Elastical energy def and example

When an object is stretched, the energy is stored then used when you release it the energy is used as the object goes to its original shape, e.g rubber band, trampoline

Gravitational energy def and example

The stored energy that an object has when it is high up. This energy is ready to be used because of the pull of gravity, e.g falling

kinetic energy def and example

Energy of movement, e.g running, hitting something

heat energy def and example

the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases. When heat energy is taken away, the object cools down, e.g candles, sun

Electrical energy def and example

the energy generated by the movement of electrons from one point to another, e.g lightning

Sound energy def and example

energy that comes from vibrations moving through an object e.g radio musical instrument

Light energy def and example

energy with the ability to make types of light visible to human eyes, e.g torch, lightbulb