review history 1

Bank closures

Involved failing banks and depositors during the Depression, leading to widespread collapse of financial institutions.

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns built by unemployed Americans during the Great Depression, symbolizing poverty under President Hoover.

"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"

A song by Yip Harburg and Jay Gorney expressing widespread suffering during the Depression.

The Dust Bowl

A severe drought and dust storms in the Great Plains during the 1930s that destroyed agriculture.

The First New Deal

Introduced by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, aimed at relief and economic recovery.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A program employing young men in conservation projects, started in 1933.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A federal program modernizing the rural South through electrification and dams, initiated in 1933.

The Second New Deal

A 1935 initiative expanding social and labor programs under FDR, including major reforms like Social Security.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

A jobs program that created construction and arts projects, starting in 1935.

Social Security Act

Legislation signed by FDR in 1935 creating unemployment insurance and retirement pensions.

"Court Packing"

FDR’s 1937 plan to expand the Supreme Court to secure support for the New Deal.

Lend-Lease Act

A 1941 law supporting weapons supplies to Allied nations before WWII.

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

A bombing by the Japanese military in 1941 that led to the United States entering WWII.

D-Day

Allied forces' June 6, 1944 landing in France that turned the tide of WWII.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

U.S. military bombings in 1945 that led to the end of WWII.

Executive Order 9066

A 1942 order by FDR authorizing Japanese American internment.

Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga

A Japanese American activist known for discovering evidence of government misconduct in internment policy.

Korematsu v. United States

The 1944 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese American internment.

The Marshall Plan

A 1948 initiative aimed at aiding Europe's postwar recovery to combat communism.

"Containment"

A Cold War strategy to stop the spread of communism, developed in Washington, D.C.

Loyalty investigations

Ordered by President Truman to screen federal employees for suspected communist ties, starting in 1947.

"Duck and Cover"

A civil defense campaign teaching nuclear safety to schoolchildren in the early 1950s.

The Second Red Scare

A period of fear regarding communist infiltration, characterized by widespread investigations and accusations.

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Republican senator known for claiming that communists had infiltrated the U.S. government during the early 1950s.

Literacy tests

Used by Southern governments to prevent African Americans from voting under Jim Crow laws.