review history 1

1. Bank closures

Bank closures involved failing banks and depositors during the Depression. The significant event is the widespread collapse of financial institutions. This occurred in the early 20th century, during the Great Depression. It affected the Midwest and Northeast most severely.

2. “Hoovervilles”

Hoovervilles were shantytowns built by unemployed Americans. The significant event is their growth as symbols of poverty under President Hoover. They appeared in the early 20th century during the Great Depression. They spread across the West and Midwest.

3. “Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?”

This song was written by Yip Harburg and Jay Gorney. The significant event is its expression of widespread suffering during the Depression. It rose to fame in the early 20th century, around the 1930s. It was most popular in urban areas of the Northeast.

4. The Dust Bowl

The Dust Bowl affected farmers in the Great Plains. The significant event is the severe drought and dust storms destroying agriculture. It occurred in the early 20th century, during the 1930s. It hit the Southern Plains—Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas.

5. The First New Deal

The First New Deal was created by President Franklin Roosevelt. The significant event is the introduction of programs for relief and economic recovery. It occurred in the early 20th century, starting in 1933. Its effects were nationwide, especially in the South and Midwest.

6. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The CCC employed young men in conservation projects. The significant event is providing jobs while improving natural resources. It began in the early 20th century, in 1933. Its projects were mainly in the South and West.

7. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

The TVA was a federal program under FDR. The significant event is modernizing the rural South through electrification and dams. It began in the early 20th century, in 1933. It focused on the Tennessee Valley in the Southeast.

8. The Second New Deal

The Second New Deal expanded social and labor programs under FDR. The significant event is establishing major reforms like Social Security. It began in the early 20th century, in 1935. It impacted the entire nation, especially the working class.

9. Works Progress Administration (WPA)

The WPA was a jobs program creating construction and arts projects. The significant event is employing millions during the Depression. It operated in the early 20th century, beginning in 1935. It worked across the country, especially the Northeast and Midwest.

10. Social Security Act

The Social Security Act was signed by FDR. The significant event is creating unemployment insurance and retirement pensions. It was passed in the early 20th century, in 1935. It affected Americans nationwide, especially in the North and Midwest.

11. “Court Packing”

Court packing refers to FDR’s attempt to expand the Supreme Court. The significant event is his 1937 plan to secure support for the New Deal. It occurred in the early 20th century. The debate took place in Washington, D.C. in the Northeast.

12. Lend-Lease Act

The Lend-Lease Act was passed by Congress and supported by FDR. The significant event is supplying weapons to Allied nations before WWII. It occurred in the early 20th century, in 1941. It originated in Washington, D.C..

13. The Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl Harbor involved the Japanese military. The significant event is the bombing that brought the U.S. into WWII. It occurred in the early 20th century, in 1941. It took place in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in the Pacific.

14. D-Day

D-Day involved Allied forces planning the invasion of France. The significant event is the June 6, 1944 landing that turned the tide of WWII. It happened in the early 20th century. Although fought in France, American operations were directed from the Northeast.

15. Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were carried out by the U.S. military. The significant event is ending WWII through the use of atomic bombs. They occurred in the early 20th century, in 1945. They were executed in the Pacific theater.

16. Executive Order 9066

Executive Order 9066 was issued by FDR. The significant event is authorizing Japanese American internment. It occurred in the early 20th century, in 1942. It mainly affected the West Coast.

17. Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga

Aiko Herzig-Yoshinaga was a Japanese American activist and researcher. The significant event is discovering evidence proving government misconduct in internment policy. Her work took place in the 20th century, mostly after WWII. She worked in Washington, D.C. and the West Coast.

18. Korematsu v. United States

This case involved Fred Korematsu challenging his internment. The significant event is the Supreme Court upholding internment as constitutional. It was decided in the early 20th century, in 1944. It took place in Washington, D.C..

19. The Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan was created by Secretary of State George Marshall. The significant event is aiding Europe’s postwar recovery to stop communism. It began in the 20th century, in 1948. It originated in Washington, D.C..

20. “Containment”

Containment was a Cold War strategy led by George Kennan. The significant event is the U.S. policy to stop communism’s spread. It emerged in the 20th century, in the late 1940s. It was developed in Washington, D.C..

21. Loyalty investigations

Loyalty investigations were ordered by President Truman. The significant event is screening federal employees for suspected communist ties. They occurred in the 20th century, beginning in 1947. They were centered in Washington, D.C..

22. “Duck and Cover”

Duck and Cover was a civil defense campaign teaching nuclear safety. The significant event is instructing schoolchildren how to respond to atomic attacks. It appeared in the 20th century, in the early 1950s. Drills took place mainly in the Northeast and Midwest.

23. The Second Red Scare

The Second Red Scare involved government fear of communist infiltration. The significant event is widespread investigations and accusations. It occurred in the 20th century, during the late 1940s–1950s. It was centered in Washington, D.C. and the Northeast.

24. Senator Joseph McCarthy

McCarthy was a Republican senator from Wisconsin. The significant event is his accusations claiming communists infiltrated the U.S. government. His rise was in the 20th century, in the early 1950s. His hearings took place in Washington, D.C..

25. Literacy tests

Literacy tests were used by Southern state governments. The significant event is preventing African Americans from voting under Jim Crow. They were widely used in the late 19th century and continued into the 20th century. They were enforced mainly in the American South.