characterstics of the 9 phyla of animals

Porifera

• like sponges

• Loose group of cells

• Diploblastic with mesoglea

• Asymmetrical

• No head

• Acoelomates

• No mount-anus development

• Sessile

• Internal skeleton of sponging or spicules of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide

• They don’t regulate body temperature

• They’re waste is ammonia by diffusion

• They reproduce sexually by hermaphrodites and asexually by fragmentation

• They filter nutrients from water drawn into a central cavity

• They can regenerate

Cnidarians

• examples are hydra and jelly fish

• Primitive tissue

• Diploblastic with mesoglea

• Radial symmetry

• No head

• Acoelomates

• No mouth-anus development

• Sessile like hydra and motile (movement) like jelly fish

• Muscular skeleton or water filled coelenteron that acts as hydrostatic skeleton

• They don’t regulate body temperature

• Waste is ammonia by diffusion

• Life cycle: some go through a planula larva (free swimming) stage then go through two reproductive stages which is asexually budding producing polyp and sexually reproducing by Medusa

• They have a Gastro vascular cavity or extra cellular digestion occurs and intracellular digestion is carried out inside body cells in lysosomes

• Others (read through them on page 22)

Platyhelminthes

• examples are flatworms if they’re terrestrial and planaria if aquatic

• Organs, but no organs system

• Triploblastic (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm)

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalisation (presence of head)

• Acoelomates

• Protostomes (mouth→anus)

• Motile by locomotion

• Hydrostatic skeleton which is closed body compartment that is filled with water together with muscles enables the animal to move from one place to another

• They don’t regulate body temperature

• Their waste is ammonia by flame cells if they’re aquatic and by nephridia if they’re terrestrial

• They are sexually hermaphrodites and asexually fragmentation and budding

• Digestive cavity has only one opening for both ingestion and egestion so food cannot be processed continuously

• Others (page 22)

Nematodes

• examples are roundworms

• Organs with primitive organ system

• Triploblastic (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm)

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalisation (presence of head)

• Pseudo-coelomates

• Protostomes

• Motile

• Hydrostatic skeleton which is a closed body compartment that is filled with water and together with muscles enables the animal to move from one place to another

• They don’t regulate body temperature

• Their waste is ammonia nephridia

• They reproduce sexually and asexually by fragmentation and budding

• They have true digestive system. This means that at one end is a mouth and on the other end is an anus.

• Others (read on page 22)

Annelids

• examples are earthworms

• Organs with primitive organ system system

• Triploblastic (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm)

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalization

• Coelomates

• Protostomes

• Motile

• hydrostatic skeleton which is a close body compartment that is filled with water and together with muscles enables the animals to move from one place to another

• their waste is ammonia if they are aquatic and their waste as if terrestrial by nephridia

• They were produced sexually by hermaphrodites and their asexual

• Digestive system is a tube with in a tube consisting of crop gizzard and intestine

• Others (read page 22)

Mollusks

• examples are snails slugs octopus squids

• Organs with an organ system

• Triploblastic

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalisation

• Coelomates

• Protostomes

• Motile

• Mantle that secrets a shell that offers protection (slugs have it but it’s very thin)

• They don’t regulate body temperature

• Waste is ammonia if aquatic and uric acid if terrestrial by nephridia

• They reproduce sexually some are hermaphrodites and some need female and male mating

• Food is transported to the digestive tract that starts at the head with the mouse continues down the oesophagus the crop then to the stomach to the intestines and ends of the anus

• Others (read page 22)

Arthropods

• examples are class insects (grasshopper) and class crustaceans (crab or beetles) and class arachnids (spider) and class Chilopoda (centipedes)

• Organs with organ system

• Triploblastic

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalisation

• Coelomates

• Protostomes

• Motile

• Exoskeleton consisting of polysaccharides and chitin it does not grow within the animal it must be shed periodically

• They don’t regulate their body temperature

• waste is Uric acid by Malpighian tubes

• If they are terrestrial internal sexual fertilisation if they are aquatic external sexual fertilisation, the female lays her eggs and the male releases sperms into the water and the eggs are fertilised in the water

• They have a full digestive system made of mouth, oesophagus stomach, and anus

• Others (page 22)

Echinoderms

• Examples are sea stars (starfish) and sea urchins

• Organs with organs system

• Bilateral symmetry as (larva) and radial symmetry (adult)

• Cephalisation

• Coelomates

• Deuterostomes

• Motile

• Internal skeleton covered with spines and skin

• They don’t make you lead their body temperature

• Their waste is ammonia by malpighian tubes

• They reproduce sexually by external fertilisation and asexually by fragmentation and regeneration

• Digestive system with mouth, stomach intestine and anus and the mouth is on the underside and the anus on the top surface sea stars can push their stomach outside of their body and inserted onto its prey, allowing them to digest the food externally

• Others (page 22)

Chordates

• examples are class amphibians and class birds and class fish and class mammals which includes order primates and class reptiles

• Complex organ system

• Triploblastic

• Bilateral symmetry

• Cephalisation

• Coelomates

• Deuterostomes

• Motile

• Endoskeleton that is made of bone and cartilage that grows within the body and grows as the body grows so no need for renewal

• Mammals and birds are endothermic while amphibians and fish are ectothermic

• Fish and amphibians waste is ammonia reptiles and birds waste is uric acid mammals and humans urea all by malpighian tubules

• Sexual

• They have a full sophisticated digestive system made mouth oesophagus stomach intestines and anus plus auxiliary organs like liver gallbladder and pancreas