Module 17: Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Disorders, and Dreams

insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

sleep apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

night terrors

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

dream

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind.

manifest content

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

latent content

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)

Sleep deprivation can also lead to weight gain, reduced muscle strength, suppression of the cells that fight common colds, and most likely which of the following?

a. Increased productivity

b. Depression

c. Decreased mistakes on homework

d. Increased feeling of well-being

e. Sleep apnea

b. Depression

Shortly after falling asleep, and hundreds of times during the night, Paola wakes up after a loud "snore" of breath, because she has stopped breathing. With which sleep disorder would she most likely be diagnosed?

a. Narcolepsy

b. Insomnia

c. Sleep apnea

d. Nightmares

e. Night terrors

c. Sleep apnea

Which of the following dream theories states that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories?

a. Information-processing

b. Wish-fulfillment

c. Physiological function

d. Neural activation

e. Neural disconnection

a. Information-processing

After two nights without sleep, which of the following can be expected?

a. An increase in night terrors

b. Sleep apnea

c. Manifest content dreams

d. Narcolepsy

e. REM rebound

e. REM rebound

Sigmund Freud believed that a dream's _____ content reflected the deep, underlying meaning of the dream.

a. manifest

b. dissociative

c. cognitive

d. latent

e. circadian

d. latent