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introduction to life science

biology - is the study of life

bios - life

logos - study

branches of biology

  • taxonomy

    • naming & classifying organisms

  • cytology

    • cells & animal cells

  • embryology

    • formation and development of organisms

  • anatomy

    • structures & body parts

  • physiology

    • functions of organisms and its parts

  • biochemistry

    • biological composition

  • genetics

    • heredity & variation

  • evolution

    • origin of organisms

  • ecology

    • relationship of organisms with the environment

biological levels of organization:

I. atom

  • fundamental unit of matter

II. molecule

  • group of atoms

  • combination of two or more elements

III. cell organelles

  • centrosome

  • cell wall

  • mitochondria

  • ribosomes

  • chloroplast

  • cytoplasm

IV. cell

  • basic unit of life

V. tissue

  • group of cells

  • four types

    • connective

    • muscle

    • nervous

    • epithelial

VI. organ

  • collection of tissue

  • what makes the body work

VII. organ system

  • system of organs

  • collection of organs

    • nervous, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, urinary/excretory, lymphatic system

VIII. organism

  • capable of reproduction

IX. population

  • group of same species living in the same area

X. biocenoses/community

  • a community

  • relationship of organisms

XI. ecosystem

  • environment of organisms’

  • interactions of living things with their environment

XII. biome

XIII. biosphere

theories of the origin of life

  • si malakas, at si maganda

    • adam and eve in filipino context

    • first man and woman in the philippine folklore

  • divine theory of creation

    • creationism - divine power

    • god created earth in 6 days

    • basis is the bible

  • theory of evolution

    • charles darwin

biogenesis vs. abiogenesis

biogenesis

  • making new living things

  • reproduction

  • life comes from life

abiogenesis

  • life comes from non-living things

  • spontaneous generation

scientists

  1. john needham

    • theory of spontaneous generation

    • experiment: flask and broth

      • if the flask is heated, it will kill all the microorganisms living in that broth

      • after heating he covered it with a cork and let it sit for a few days

      • after his observation, he saw microorganisms in the broth

      • flaw: he didn’t heat the broth enough for it to boil

      • conclusion: microorganisms spontaneously generated from non-living matter of the broth

  2. francesco redi

    • experiment: jar and meat

    • used 3 setups

      • setup a

        • unsealed; maggots were seen in here

      • setup b

        • sealed, no maggots were seen in here

      • setup c

        • covered with gauze; maggots were seen on top of the gauze

    • conclusion: maggots were offsprings of flies and there is a presence of air

      • maggots originated from flies which is and existing life form

      • maggots - larvae of flies

  3. louis pasteur

    • created the first 3 vaccines

other scientists who contributed in evolution

  1. charles darwin

    • theory of evolution

    • proposed that species change over time

    • survival of the fittest

  2. george-louis buffon

    • species change as they migrate to new environment

  3. jean baptiste lamarck

    • species change gradually to adapt to its needs

    • theory of use & disuse

    • theory of inheritance

how do we distinguish a living organism?

characteristics of life

  • growth and development

    • increases

  • reproduction

    • process of making the next generation

    • sexual

    • asexual

      • binary fission

      • fragmentation

      • regeneration

  • homeostasis

    • balances your body temperature

  • metabolism

    • breakdown/gathering of energy

    • catabolism

      • breaking molecules to obtain energy

    • anabolism

      • process of synthesizing compounds

  • motility

    • ability to respond

    • to move or exhibit spontaneous motion

introduction to life science

biology - is the study of life

bios - life

logos - study

branches of biology

  • taxonomy

    • naming & classifying organisms

  • cytology

    • cells & animal cells

  • embryology

    • formation and development of organisms

  • anatomy

    • structures & body parts

  • physiology

    • functions of organisms and its parts

  • biochemistry

    • biological composition

  • genetics

    • heredity & variation

  • evolution

    • origin of organisms

  • ecology

    • relationship of organisms with the environment

biological levels of organization:

I. atom

  • fundamental unit of matter

II. molecule

  • group of atoms

  • combination of two or more elements

III. cell organelles

  • centrosome

  • cell wall

  • mitochondria

  • ribosomes

  • chloroplast

  • cytoplasm

IV. cell

  • basic unit of life

V. tissue

  • group of cells

  • four types

    • connective

    • muscle

    • nervous

    • epithelial

VI. organ

  • collection of tissue

  • what makes the body work

VII. organ system

  • system of organs

  • collection of organs

    • nervous, circulatory, respiratory, reproductive, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, urinary/excretory, lymphatic system

VIII. organism

  • capable of reproduction

IX. population

  • group of same species living in the same area

X. biocenoses/community

  • a community

  • relationship of organisms

XI. ecosystem

  • environment of organisms’

  • interactions of living things with their environment

XII. biome

XIII. biosphere

theories of the origin of life

  • si malakas, at si maganda

    • adam and eve in filipino context

    • first man and woman in the philippine folklore

  • divine theory of creation

    • creationism - divine power

    • god created earth in 6 days

    • basis is the bible

  • theory of evolution

    • charles darwin

biogenesis vs. abiogenesis

biogenesis

  • making new living things

  • reproduction

  • life comes from life

abiogenesis

  • life comes from non-living things

  • spontaneous generation

scientists

  1. john needham

    • theory of spontaneous generation

    • experiment: flask and broth

      • if the flask is heated, it will kill all the microorganisms living in that broth

      • after heating he covered it with a cork and let it sit for a few days

      • after his observation, he saw microorganisms in the broth

      • flaw: he didn’t heat the broth enough for it to boil

      • conclusion: microorganisms spontaneously generated from non-living matter of the broth

  2. francesco redi

    • experiment: jar and meat

    • used 3 setups

      • setup a

        • unsealed; maggots were seen in here

      • setup b

        • sealed, no maggots were seen in here

      • setup c

        • covered with gauze; maggots were seen on top of the gauze

    • conclusion: maggots were offsprings of flies and there is a presence of air

      • maggots originated from flies which is and existing life form

      • maggots - larvae of flies

  3. louis pasteur

    • created the first 3 vaccines

other scientists who contributed in evolution

  1. charles darwin

    • theory of evolution

    • proposed that species change over time

    • survival of the fittest

  2. george-louis buffon

    • species change as they migrate to new environment

  3. jean baptiste lamarck

    • species change gradually to adapt to its needs

    • theory of use & disuse

    • theory of inheritance

how do we distinguish a living organism?

characteristics of life

  • growth and development

    • increases

  • reproduction

    • process of making the next generation

    • sexual

    • asexual

      • binary fission

      • fragmentation

      • regeneration

  • homeostasis

    • balances your body temperature

  • metabolism

    • breakdown/gathering of energy

    • catabolism

      • breaking molecules to obtain energy

    • anabolism

      • process of synthesizing compounds

  • motility

    • ability to respond

    • to move or exhibit spontaneous motion

robot