Biology 201 Human Anatomy and Physiology Tissues

Flashcards for Biology 201 Human Anatomy and Physiology Tissues

Study of tissues

Histology

Epithelial tissue found on surfaces

Covering/lining epithelium

Epithelial tissue found in glands

Glandular epithelium

Flat epithelial cells

Squamous

Cube-shaped epithelial cells

Cuboidal

Tall epithelial cells

Columnar

Epithelial tissue with one layer

Simple

Epithelial tissue with two or more layers

Stratified

Epithelial tissue that appears layered but is not

Pseudostratified

Flat cells, function in diffusion and filtration, found in lungs and blood vessels

Simple squamous epithelium

Cube-shaped cells, function in secretion/absorption, found in kidney tubules and glands

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Tall cells with nuclei, absorb/secrete, found in GI tract, uterus, and bronchi

Simple columnar epithelium

Looks layered but isn't, secretes mucus, found in trachea and upper respiratory tract

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Many layers, surface flat, protects, found in skin, mouth, and esophagus

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stretches, dome-shaped cells, lines bladder and ureters

Transitional epithelium

No ducts, secrete into blood

Endocrine glands

Ducts, secrete onto surfaces

Exocrine glands

A unicellular gland that secretes mucus

Goblet cell

Exocytosis (sweat)

Merocrine

Part of cell breaks off (mammary)

Apocrine

Whole cell disintegrates (oil glands)

Holocrine

Cells, fibers, ground substance (matrix)

Main components of connective tissue

Strong connective tissue fibers

Collagen fibers

Stretchy connective tissue fibers

Elastic fibers

Supportive connective tissue fibers

Reticular fibers

Cushions organs

Areolar tissue

Stores fat

Adipose tissue

Supports organs

Reticular tissue

Tendons, ligaments

Regular dense connective tissue

Dermis

Irregular dense connective tissue

Artery walls

Elastic dense connective tissue

Flexible, ends of bones

Hyaline cartilage

Ear, epiglottis

Elastic cartilage

Strong, discs in spine

Fibrocartilage

Supports/protects, stores minerals, blood cell production

Bone (osseous) tissue

Fluid matrix (plasma); transports gases, nutrients, waste

Blood tissue

Voluntary, striated

Skeletal muscle tissue

Involuntary, striated, intercalated discs

Cardiac muscle tissue

Involuntary, no striations

Smooth muscle tissue

Contraction for movement, heat, circulation

Muscle tissue function

Send signals

Neurons

Support neurons

Neuroglia

Transmit electrical signals; communication/control of body functions

Functions of nervous tissue

Serous, mucous, cutaneous

Types of epithelial membranes

Synovial, meninges, fascia, periosteum, perichondrium

Types of connective tissue membranes

Doesn't spread

Benign tumor

Invades and spreads (cancer)

Malignant tumor

Epithelial tumor

Carcinoma

Connective tissue tumor

Sarcoma

Glial cell tumor

Glioma

White blood cell tumor

Leukemia

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Four types of tissues

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, and produces glandular secretions

Epithelial tissues

Fills internal spaces, provides structural support, and stored energy

Connective tissues

Contracts to produce active movements

Muscle tissues

Conducts electrical impulses, detects, interprets, and responds to stimuli

Nervous tissues

Gives rise to the functional linings of the digestive and respiratory tracts as well as to the associated accessory glands and organs (liver, stomach, pancreas)

Endoderm

Forms the musculoskeletal system, (bone, cartilage, muscles), the circulatory system, and the lymphatic system. Also develops into the kidneys, gonads, and the outer layer of the digestive tract.

Mesoderm

Gives rise to the components of the skeletal, muscular, and circulatory system

Ectoderm