Chapter 16/17 GH notes

another name for the 2 fronts

theaters

the first theater of the the 2 fronts

european theater

the second theater of the 2 fronts

pacific theater

the two theater's of the 2 fronts

european and pacific theater

the commander of US forces in europe; he was in charge of all decisions made about the war in europe

dwight d eisenhower

our closest ally in the past 125 years and who we continued to work with throughout the war

british troops

the second major decision on how to fight this war; this meant they could not have any conditions for their surrender

only accept unconditional surrender

the two countries that stalled hitler's push into russia

leningrad and moscow

this prevented the germans from living off the land so the german army was exhausted, freezing, and lacking supplies

scorched earth policy

the day that 91,000 cold and exhausted german soldiers surrendered and were captured

january 31st, 1943

the number of cold and exhausted german soldiers that surrendered and were captured on january 31st, 1943

91,000

the number of original german soldiers that were part of the stalingrad invasion

500,000

the day that mussolini was captured on by an underground resistance that had been fighting against him

april 28th, 1945

where mussolini's body was hung to prove that he was dead; the crowd her frenzied his body and tore it to pieces

milan square

he was captured on april 28, 1945 by an underground resistance that had been fighting against him and his body was hung in milan square

mussolini

how was mussolini killed : he was \______

shot

they had to control the air before an attack could be mounted to attack france

the allies

they bombed germany by day

the americans

they bombed germany by night

the british

the americans bombed germany by \_____ and the british bombed them by \_______

day, night

the air superiority ratio that the allies had over germany

30 to 1

what does d-day stand for

designation day

the day that the invasion of france was supposed to take place but was postponed because of the weather

june 5th, 1944

the invasion of france took place on this day; also known as invasion of france, d-day, invasion of normandy, & operation overlord

june 6th, 1944

the four names that june 6th, 1944 is referred to

invasion of france, d-day, invasion of normandy, and operation overlord

occurred on june 6th, 1944; the largest land and sea invasion in history

invasion of france

the number of troops at the invasion of france

176,000

the number of landing craft at the invasion of france

4,000

the number of warships at the invasion of france

600

the number of planes at the invasion of france

11,000

the number of troops on high ground that the germans had

250,000

the number of troops the allies landed within in a month

1 million

the 4 countries that had been liberated from german control in september 1944

france, belgium, luxembourg, and the netherlands

this was in southeast belgium and was an important transportation center; there were many sharp battles as the germans retreated but this was the last offensive attack by the germans

bastogne

the germans launched their last \_________ attack of the war at bastogne

offensive

the battle that got its name from this situation : the inexperienced american soldiers were caught off guard and getting beat badly at first, but relief came to help them win this battle. because the germans broke through the american defenses, a bulge was created in the area that had been controlled by the americans.

battle of the bulge

when the americans came to this river, the russians were on the other side

elbe river

hitler's long time mistress who he eventually married before she killed herself with cyanide so she couldn't be captured

eva braun

the day that hitler shot himself

april 30th, 1945

the kind of poison eva braun drank to kill herself

cyanide

how did eva braun kill herself

drank poison

the day that eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of germany

may 7th, 1945

this day was known as v-e day (victory in europe)

may 8th

the first major decision on how to fight the war

we would defeat germany first

why was the first decision made? we didn't want \________ to take over any of our allies in europe and once germany was defeated we could go after \______ with our allies

germany, japan

the germans launched one last offensive attack on what was then called \____________; this name eventually got changed to volgograd

stalingrad

the name stalingrad got changed to in 1961

volgograd

the stalingrad attack looked as though it was going to be successful for the germans, but the \________ were told there would be no retreat or they would be \________. this caused them to fight harder and eventually win this battle

russians, killed

during the stalingrad battle, the winter was extremely cold. \_______ would not start, \______ would not fire, and food was frozen solid because of the \____ below zero temperatures

tanks, guns, 44

the number of soldiers russia lost at the battle at stalingrad; from this point, the russians were able to control the eastern front and begin pushing west

1,250,000

the allies then began to move on \_______ \_______ as well. mussolini needed help and hitler sent one of his best generals to help keep control of \_______ \________

north africa

the name of the group that erwin rommel was general of and fought and won many battles even when it seemed as though it was not possible for them to win

african korps

the general of the africa korps who fought and won many battles even when it seemed as though it was not possible for them to win; had the nickname desert fox

erwin rommel

general erwin rommel's nickname

desert fox

the day erwin rommel was defeated and the africa korps surrendered

may 12th, 1943

by this time, the allies had air superiority ratio of 30 to 1 over the german air force

june of 1944

the german troops had 250,000 troops (on high ground), \___________ mines at the beach, tank \______, and large guns mounted in \_________ forts

underwater, traps, concrete

the next step after the americans came to the elbe river was to go here

berlin

following hitler's instructions, their bodies were taken to a garden above the bunker, doused with \__________ and burned. because their bodies were never identified, there were always rumors hitler was still \_______. the russians have had what they believe to be hitler's \_______ on display at a museum for years.

gasoline, alive, skull

what does v-e day stand for; it marked the official end of the first part of the war

victory in europe