Knee Region Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for the knee region lecture.

Tibiofemoral Joint (TFJ)

Articulation between the tibia and femur; a weight-bearing synovial joint and a modified hinge joint allowing flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation and passive movements of Adduction/abduction

Patellofemoral Joint (PFJ)

Articulation between the patella and femur; a modified plane joint where the patella improves quadriceps muscle leverage, important in loaded knee flexion.

Superior Tibiofibular Joint

Articulation between the tibia and fibula; a plane joint that, while not a common cause of knee pain, should not be neglected.

Knee Flexors

Hamstrings, Gastrocnemius, Gracilis, and Sartorius.

Knee Extensor

Quadriceps

Medial Rotators of the Knee

Semitendinosus, semimembranosus (medial hamstrings), gracilis, sartorius, popliteus.

Lateral Rotators of the Knee

Biceps femoris (lateral hamstring) and Popliteus (medial rotator in open chain, lateral in closed chain)

Screw Home Mechanism

Locking of the knee at full range of extension due to the larger medial condyle forcing the tibia to slightly externally rotate ‘locking the knee’ - The knee is unlocked by activation of the popliteus muscle pulling the knee back into flexion

Medial Meniscus Tear diagnostic tests

McMurray’s test, joint line tenderness, Apley’s test, thessaly’s test

Medial Meniscus Tear Signs & Symptoms MOI

MOI: shear stress with the knee in flexion with rotation (twisting with planted foot). Pain and swelling can be present, restricted ROM, catching, clicking, joint line tenderness, pain on hyperflexion

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury MOI

Slight knee flexion with quads activation, valgus collapse, and internal rotation of femur relative to fixed tibia – “cutting maneuver” - OR - hyperextension with a planted foot/stabilized tibia

Patella Dislocation MOI and symptoms

Twisting, jumping, ‘popping out’ ,severe pain and immediate swelling, pain on palpation of medial border of the knee

Ottawa Knee Rules (5 rules)

1. age 55 or older

2. isolated tenderness of the patella

3. tenderness of the head of the fibula

4. inability to flex to 90 degrees

5. inability to weight bear

Primary Osteoarthritis

Idiopathic, gradual deterioration, affects many joints (older age).

Secondary Osteoarthritis

Following injury, localised to one joint (younger age).

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Risk Factors

Quadriceps weakness, greater hip abductor strength, female.

Patellar Tendinopathy symptoms

include anterior knee pain, tenderness below the kneecap, and pain during activities involving jumping or squatting.

Patellar Tendinopathy Tenderness

Localised to inferior pole of patella; this tenderness can exist in jumping athletes without patellar tendinopathy

ITB Friction Syndrome

Overuse condition – rubbing of the ITB over the lateral femoral epicondyle - Now considered a fat pad impingement

Bursitis - What is it and what is the most common ones affected?

Inflammation of the bursae - Pre-patella bursa is most common

Impingement of the fat pad between tibia and femur.

Fat Pad Impingement

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

Osteochondritis of the growth plate of the tibial tuberosity.

Ligaments of the knee

ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament), PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament), MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament), LCL (Lateral Collateral Ligament)