History- Industry and democracy

assembly line

Manufacturing method for faster production invented by Henry ford

mass production

production of goods in high quantities

According to Marx the world is divided into two hostile camps, what are they?

The bourgeoise, and proletariat

revisionist

people who rejected revolution policy of revision or modification.

effect of electricity

It was easily converted into heat light and motion and could move through wires, this led to the invention of the light bulb

and the first practical generators of electrical current were developed

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conveyor belts, cranes, and machines could all be powered by electricity.

effects of internal combustion engine

provided a new source of power in transportation led to cars and planes

Marxist

believed that all of world history was a "history of class struggles. predicted fighting between middle and working class would mean revolution

second industrialization

manageable electricity changes lots of things

factories expand

communication expands

how does electricity change life?

it changes how we eat

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indoor lighting

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how machines work

how do factories change the world?

automation

interchangeable part

division of labor

assembly lines

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what are some important communication changes in 1800s?

the telegraph and telephone- radio waves can travel across the Atlantic

what will Europe split into (industrialization) ?

The north west countries will become the industilzed nations and the south east will be non industrial

What is the cause of economic divide?

People feel abused and are open to radical ideas

Karl Marx

wrote the communist manifesto

says that all history is a class struggle that would not end until the poor overthrew the middle class

Trade union

what parts of Europe are doing well? Who aren’t doing well?

North and west-well

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south and east- not well

alliances

Brittian, France, Russia

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Germany Austria hungry

what empire was falling in the 1800s

Italy

Russo- Japanese war

was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire

over territorial expansion in East Asia

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Russia lost and wanted revenge

\n **proletariat**

working low class

Bosnia and Hezgovinia

Balkan territories under protection of Austria-Hungry.

prime minister

minister was responsible to the popularly elected legislative body, not to a king or president

Universal male sufferage

All males have right to vote

new government in France after Napoleon III

The new government had a president and a two-house legislature. The upper house, or Senate, was elected by high-ranking officials. All adult males voted for members of the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies. A premier (or prime minister),

what was the government like in central and easter Europe

conservative

under who’s rule did Germany become the strongest military power

William II

Government of

Austria-Hungary

had parliament, but ruler Francis Joseph ignored it there was still conflict from many people groups and the main German group ran things

Nicholas II

believed that the absolute power of the czars should be preserved.

made Russia fourth-largest producer of steel. .

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Socialist parties developed from bad working conditions, but government repression forced them underground.

who had the best steal production in the world in 1900.

the United states, it was also the richest country

Spanish-American War

America won and the United States acquired the former Spanish possessions of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine

Otto von Bismarck

realized that Germany's emergence as the most powerful state in continental Europe had upset the balance of power

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scared France intended to create an anti-German alliance, he made a defensive alliance with Austria- Hungary

triple alliance

Austria, Italy Germany

what dose Austria-hungry do with Bosnia and Herzgavina

annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina this led to fights

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Russia opposed this and caused confontation

this led to Europe being on verge of war

Modernism

a movement in which writers and artists between 1870 and 1914 rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles

literature in modernism

realism and social problems higlighted

Henrik Ibsen and Émile Zola

explored the role of women in society, alcoholism, and urban slums in their work.

impressionism

painting nature directly

Claude monte was a famous impressionist

postimpressionism

focused on color and nature

Vincent Van Gough was a good example of a postimpressionist

what di vincent van Gough do?

maintained that artists should paint what they feel

abstract painting

a style of art, emerging around 1910, that spoke directly to the soul and avoided visual reality by using only lines and color

what was the affect of modernism in art

revolutionized architecture and gave rise to functionalism.

Functionalism

was the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be functional, or useful.

Stravinsky's ballet

modernist style music, exploited expressive sounds and bold rhythms

Mademe Curie

discovered that an element called radium gave off energy, or radiation, that apparently came from within the atom itself. Atoms were not just material bodies but small, active worlds.

Albert Einstein

German, provided a new view of the universe. His special theory of relativity stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer.

Sigmund Freud

a doctor from Vienna developed **psychoanalysis**

**Social Darwinism**

was the radical belief that Darwin's theory of natural selection could be applied to modern human societies.

Herbert Spencer

argued that social progress came from "the survival of the fittest"—that is, the strong advanced while the weak declined.

anti-Semitism

hostility towards jews

progrom

the organized massacre of a minority group, especially Jews

**Zionism**

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an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel

effects of social darwism

people justified racism and nationalism, this led to programs and anti-semitism

Theodor Herzl,

wrote *The Jewish State* (1896), "The Jews who wish it will have their state."

why was jewish settlement in Palestine hard

it was then part of the Ottoman Empire, which was opposed to Jewish immigration

new society

men- money earners

women-start getting jobs

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middle class-

men make more money then before

women can hire servants

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what do most women do for work?

they were domestic servants

what are changes that improve terrible city living conditions?

Changes begin to occur that make things better

\-Health Department

\-Building/Housing inspections

\-Water/Sewage changes

how did feminism start and what did they fight for?

Women started having more time and money to hire servants so they have time to fight for-

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Property rights

occupational rights

legal rights

suffrage

communism

basically everyone is equal

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ex: every one gets a C grade even if you work hard to get and A or don’t work at all, everyone gets the same thing

Change in Government in Britain, and its impact

Starts two political parties- conservative and liberal

People can have a say in gov vote on the Prime minister who comes from the house of commons

impact is that now we have the same aspect of the two parties and it helps keep revolt under control

Change in Government in France, and its impact

Struggle to set up a parliament system

had too many political systems

Premier comes from chamber of deputies

chamber of deputies

the lower house in many legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.

Change in Government in Italy, and its impact

the unified but large gap in wealth between industrialization in the north and the agricultural south

Change in Government in Germany, and its impact

It makes itself a military powerhouse (think WW2)

Bismark set up 2 house congress reforms are stalled by old royalty (Kaiser)

focus is on foreign policy to expand the economy

Change in Government in Austria-Hungry, and its impact

their government is a mess because of many ethnic groups

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they set up a constitutional govt. but the rule is dominated by Germans

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the kaiser does whatever he wants impact is that Austria is a hot mess because of ethnic groups fighting

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Hungry- more stable and is ruled by people with lots of lands, mostly the same ethnic groups

Why is Austria- Hungry connected?

They are ruled by the same royal family

Government in Russia

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Abouslute Czar

use feudal system

he creates duma (congress) but ignores it

causes anger in citizens

Bloody Sunday

1905 nationwide strike, that led to a massacre this led to the Czar “giving them a voice”

Bismark system

A system of alliances to help “balance the power” 

Franco-Prussian War in 1870 - two lasting results

France’s fear pushes her to create a series of alliances to help protect her in 

future wars.

Germany responds by creating the “Bismarck System

Three Emperors League

1. Germany
2. Austria-Hungary
3. Russia

Dual Alliance

Germany and Austria-Hungary

triple Alliance

Germany, austria, Italy

Reinsurance Treaty.

Treaty between Germany and Russia said if one party entered into war with another world power the other would 

   party stay neutral

what happens when Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of Germany

he fires Otto van Bismarck witch end reinsurance treaty

what happened when the reinsurance treaty was taken away?

France makes a treaty with Russia, and Germany is now surrounded by hostile countries which leads to Germany building up their navy in order to challenge Brittian

What would happen when Germany challenged Britain?

 Great Britain enters into a treaty with France and Russia

Triple Entente

Russia, France, Great Britain

 Pogroms

massacre of a people group

Russia organized lots of these towards the jewish