Studied by 3 people
assembly line
Manufacturing method for faster production invented by Henry ford
mass production
production of goods in high quantities
According to Marx the world is divided into two hostile camps, what are they?
The bourgeoise, and proletariat
revisionist
people who rejected revolution policy of revision or modification.
effect of electricity
It was easily converted into heat light and motion and could move through wires, this led to the invention of the light bulb
and the first practical generators of electrical current were developed
conveyor belts, cranes, and machines could all be powered by electricity.
effects of internal combustion engine
provided a new source of power in transportation led to cars and planes
Marxist
believed that all of world history was a "history of class struggles. predicted fighting between middle and working class would mean revolution
second industrialization
manageable electricity changes lots of things
factories expand
communication expands
how does electricity change life?
it changes how we eat
indoor lighting
how machines work
how do factories change the world?
automation
interchangeable part
division of labor
assembly lines
what are some important communication changes in 1800s?
the telegraph and telephone- radio waves can travel across the Atlantic
what will Europe split into (industrialization) ?
The north west countries will become the industilzed nations and the south east will be non industrial
What is the cause of economic divide?
People feel abused and are open to radical ideas
Karl Marx
wrote the communist manifesto
says that all history is a class struggle that would not end until the poor overthrew the middle class
Trade union
what parts of Europe are doing well? Who aren’t doing well?
North and west-well
south and east- not well
alliances
Brittian, France, Russia
Germany Austria hungry
what empire was falling in the 1800s
Italy
Russo- Japanese war
was fought between the Empire of Japan and the Russian Empire
over territorial expansion in East Asia
Russia lost and wanted revenge
\n proletariat
working low class
Bosnia and Hezgovinia
Balkan territories under protection of Austria-Hungry.
prime minister
minister was responsible to the popularly elected legislative body, not to a king or president
Universal male sufferage
All males have right to vote
new government in France after Napoleon III
The new government had a president and a two-house legislature. The upper house, or Senate, was elected by high-ranking officials. All adult males voted for members of the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies. A premier (or prime minister),
what was the government like in central and easter Europe
conservative
under who’s rule did Germany become the strongest military power
William II
Government of
Austria-Hungary
had parliament, but ruler Francis Joseph ignored it there was still conflict from many people groups and the main German group ran things
Nicholas II
believed that the absolute power of the czars should be preserved.
made Russia fourth-largest producer of steel. .
Socialist parties developed from bad working conditions, but government repression forced them underground.
who had the best steal production in the world in 1900.
the United states, it was also the richest country
Spanish-American War
America won and the United States acquired the former Spanish possessions of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippine
Otto von Bismarck
realized that Germany's emergence as the most powerful state in continental Europe had upset the balance of power
scared France intended to create an anti-German alliance, he made a defensive alliance with Austria- Hungary
triple alliance
Austria, Italy Germany
what dose Austria-hungry do with Bosnia and Herzgavina
annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina this led to fights
Russia opposed this and caused confontation
this led to Europe being on verge of war
Modernism
a movement in which writers and artists between 1870 and 1914 rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles
literature in modernism
realism and social problems higlighted
Henrik Ibsen and Émile Zola
explored the role of women in society, alcoholism, and urban slums in their work.
impressionism
painting nature directly
Claude monte was a famous impressionist
postimpressionism
focused on color and nature
Vincent Van Gough was a good example of a postimpressionist
what di vincent van Gough do?
maintained that artists should paint what they feel
abstract painting
a style of art, emerging around 1910, that spoke directly to the soul and avoided visual reality by using only lines and color
what was the affect of modernism in art
revolutionized architecture and gave rise to functionalism.
Functionalism
was the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be functional, or useful.
Stravinsky's ballet
modernist style music, exploited expressive sounds and bold rhythms
Mademe Curie
discovered that an element called radium gave off energy, or radiation, that apparently came from within the atom itself. Atoms were not just material bodies but small, active worlds.
Albert Einstein
German, provided a new view of the universe. His special theory of relativity stated that space and time are not absolute but are relative to the observer.
Sigmund Freud
a doctor from Vienna developed psychoanalysis
Social Darwinism
was the radical belief that Darwin's theory of natural selection could be applied to modern human societies.
Herbert Spencer
argued that social progress came from "the survival of the fittest"—that is, the strong advanced while the weak declined.
anti-Semitism
hostility towards jews
progrom
the organized massacre of a minority group, especially Jews
Zionism
an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine and later for the support of modern Israel
effects of social darwism
people justified racism and nationalism, this led to programs and anti-semitism
Theodor Herzl,
wrote The Jewish State (1896), "The Jews who wish it will have their state."
why was jewish settlement in Palestine hard
it was then part of the Ottoman Empire, which was opposed to Jewish immigration
new society
men- money earners
women-start getting jobs
middle class-
men make more money then before
women can hire servants
what do most women do for work?
they were domestic servants
what are changes that improve terrible city living conditions?
Changes begin to occur that make things better
-Health Department
-Building/Housing inspections
-Water/Sewage changes
how did feminism start and what did they fight for?
Women started having more time and money to hire servants so they have time to fight for-
Property rights
occupational rights
legal rights
suffrage
communism
basically everyone is equal
ex: every one gets a C grade even if you work hard to get and A or don’t work at all, everyone gets the same thing
Change in Government in Britain, and its impact
Starts two political parties- conservative and liberal
People can have a say in gov vote on the Prime minister who comes from the house of commons
impact is that now we have the same aspect of the two parties and it helps keep revolt under control
Change in Government in France, and its impact
Struggle to set up a parliament system
had too many political systems
Premier comes from chamber of deputies
chamber of deputies
the lower house in many legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures.
Change in Government in Italy, and its impact
the unified but large gap in wealth between industrialization in the north and the agricultural south
Change in Government in Germany, and its impact
It makes itself a military powerhouse (think WW2)
Bismark set up 2 house congress reforms are stalled by old royalty (Kaiser)
focus is on foreign policy to expand the economy
Change in Government in Austria-Hungry, and its impact
their government is a mess because of many ethnic groups
they set up a constitutional govt. but the rule is dominated by Germans
the kaiser does whatever he wants impact is that Austria is a hot mess because of ethnic groups fighting
Hungry- more stable and is ruled by people with lots of lands, mostly the same ethnic groups
Why is Austria- Hungry connected?
They are ruled by the same royal family
Government in Russia
Abouslute Czar
use feudal system
he creates duma (congress) but ignores it
causes anger in citizens
Bloody Sunday
1905 nationwide strike, that led to a massacre this led to the Czar “giving them a voice”
Bismark system
A system of alliances to help “balance the power”
Franco-Prussian War in 1870 - two lasting results
France’s fear pushes her to create a series of alliances to help protect her in
future wars.
Germany responds by creating the “Bismarck System
Three Emperors League
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Russia
Dual Alliance
Germany and Austria-Hungary
triple Alliance
Germany, austria, Italy
Reinsurance Treaty.
Treaty between Germany and Russia said if one party entered into war with another world power the other would
party stay neutral
what happens when Wilhelm II becomes Kaiser of Germany
he fires Otto van Bismarck witch end reinsurance treaty
what happened when the reinsurance treaty was taken away?
France makes a treaty with Russia, and Germany is now surrounded by hostile countries which leads to Germany building up their navy in order to challenge Brittian
What would happen when Germany challenged Britain?
Great Britain enters into a treaty with France and Russia
Triple Entente
Russia, France, Great Britain
Pogroms
massacre of a people group
Russia organized lots of these towards the jewish
Note 
Flashcard (38)