Guidance and Counseling

Paraphrasing

Capturing the essence of the story with a brief statement that emphasizes the underlying emotional vibe.

Personal Follow-ups

can be extended to individuals who have been counseled, referred, and placed

Skills of Guidance Director

Budgeting, Planning, Organizing, Controlling

Guidance Program

a set plan of activities with desired goals

Clifford Beers

"A Mind That Found Itself" started the mental health movement and his work was a forerunner of the mental health counseling

Purpose of Counseling

Provides specialized assistance and therapeutic support

Delivery of Counseling

Delivered by trained professionals

Counseling according to Pepinsky and Pepinsky

interaction between 2 individuals: client and counselor, to facilitate changes in behavior of the client

Counseling according to Ruth Strang

f2f relationship where growth takes place in the counselor and client

Counseling according to Harriman

Psychotherapeutic relationship where client receives direct help from counselor

ACA

American Counseling Association

APA

American Psychology Association

Basis of Counseling

Theory

What does counseling deal with?

Concerns about personal, educational, social, vocational empowerment (PESVE)

Book of Ford and Urban that cited 4 natures of counseling

Systems of Psychotherapy (1963)

4 Natures of Counselling

Counseling involves two people interaction.
The mode of interaction is usually limited to the verbal realm.
The interaction is relatively prolonged since the alteration of behavior takes time.
The purpose of the relationship is to change the behavior of the counselee.

The generic term for the exchange of meanings between people: direct or indirect

Counseling involves two people interaction.

The counselor and counselee talk with one another.

The mode of interaction is usually limited to the verbal realm.

Incomparable to a brief conversation with friends.

The interaction relatively extends since the alteration of behavior takes time.

Counselee must devote their energy into changing themselves.

The primary focus of the relationship is to change the behavior of the counselee.

Misconception: Counseling is only for people with serious emotional or mental problems.

Don't wait until you can no longer function before asking for help.

Misconception: Counseling is for people who are to weak to overcome addiction or inadequate to deal with problems on their own..

Confronting and addressing your problems takes courage, self-discipline, and motivation.

Misconception: The counselor will teach you how to cope with your problems:

Counseling helps you draw out answers. within yourself.

Misconception: A good counselor provides a quick solution to problems with little to no effort on your part.

The counseling process requires patience, and not an instant answer to all problems.

Misconception: When in counseling, the counselor does most of the talking and you listen.

It's a collaborative process, but counselors are mainly listeners.

Misconception: Counseling is painful, unpleasant, and serious.

It is a safe place where you can be yourself.

Counseling Process

It is a planned, structured dialogue between a counselor and a client.

Kind of process of counseling process

Cooperative process, where a trained professional help clients to identify sources of difficulties they're experiencing.

Basic Structure of Counseling Process

Relationship Building. Problem Assessment, Goal Setting, Counseling Intervention, Evaluation, Termination (RPGCE)

Relationship Building/Initial Disclosure

Laying the foundation of trust; Articulating roles of counselor and client; Establishing structure of the counseling process

First interview

Vital as it sets the scene for what is to come

Mutual Purpose

Both persons have the common goals leading to therapeutic alliance.

Number of sessions of counseling process

Depends on severity of case

Informed consent process

Clients have the freedom to choose whether to remain in a counseling relationship and need adequate information about the counseling process.

Confidentiality

The counselor should let the client know that whatever is shared will remain confidential unless it will cause harm to the client or someone else.

Problem Assessment

Stage where counselor assess the client.

Assessment

Anything counselors do to gather information and draw conclusions about the concerns of the client.

Goal Setting

setting appropriate and realistic goals

Stage 4 of Counseling Process

Counseling Intervention

Person-centered Approach

Counselor seeks to engage the client's self-actualizing tendency.

Behavioral Approach

Counselor seeks to engage activities that help clients alter their behavior.

Stage 1 of Counseling Process

Relationship Building

Stage 2 of Counseling Process

Problem Assessment

Stage 3 of Counseling Process

Goal Setting

Stage 5 of Counseling Process

Evaluation, Termination

Termination

The art of ending the counseling

What to consider for ideal counseling setting?

Physical setting, seating arrangement, and proximity between client and counselor.

Suggested seating arrangement for counseling

Two chairs and a nearby table

Average range of comfort between counselor and client

30 to 39 inches

Conduct of counseling session

Open the session
Discuss the issues
Develop a plan of action
Record and close the session

Key steps to success of counseling

Willingness, Motivation, Commitment, and Faith

Characteristics of an effective counselor

Self-awareness
Empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard
Genuineness
Attentiveness
Concreteness
Objectivity
Open-mindedness
Sensitivity
Non-dominance
Energy

Self-awareness

It helps counselors to be honest with themselves.

Empathy

Ability to stand in the shoes of the client.

Primary empathy

The ability to respond in a way that it is apparent to both parties that the counselor has understood the client.

Advanced empathy

A process of helping a client explore themselves

Unconditional Positive Regard

The necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change

Genuineness

"acting without a facade"

Attentiveness

The amount of verbal and non-verbal behavior shown to the client.

Nonverbal skills in attentiveness

Facing the client squarely
Adopt an open posture
Lean towards the client
Maintain eye contact
Relax

Concreteness

The ability to listen to what is being said than what is being implied.

Objectivity

To observe whatever is happening and not be distorted by perceptions, biases, and expectations.

Open-mindedness

Freedom from fixed preoccupations

Sensitivity

The counselor makes a deeper and more spontaneous response to the client's needs.

Non-dominance

Allowing the client to initiate and direct the course of the counseling process.

Energy

A counselor must have the ability to be active in their sessions.

Skills of an effective counselor

Confrontation, Intellectual competence, Reflecting and Paraphrasing, Clarifying and the Use of Questions. Summarizing

Confrontation

Counselor challenges he client to examine, modify, or control an aspect of behavior.

Intellectual Competence

Counselor should be knowledgeable of various theories.

Reflecting

Looking back on the content, feelings, and meaning of what the client has just said.

Clarifying and the Use of Questions

open-ended, close-ended, probing questions

Probing questions

To encourage deep thought about a specific topic

Summarizing

Crystallize the main points of what the client is saying and feeling.

Guidance Services

A group of services given to individuals to assist them in securing knowledge and skills

Guidance Services

An organized set of specialized services established as an integral part of the school environment.

Individual Inventory Service (IIS)

Extensive information gathered about the students through systematical collection, evaluation, and interpretation of data.

Personal Information Data

Provide a view of the factors that may contribute to the development of their personality and concerns

Educational Attainment

Indicates the client's mental ability, aptitudes, and special strengths

Social Data

Client's capability to relate with others, support systems, social influences, and friendship

Anecdotal Report

Description of the client's unusual or unexpected behavior in a given situation or event.

Autobiography

Self-written life story

Self-expression Essay

Seeks client response to a particular question in a short written essay form

Tests Results Administered

Standard measures that can determine the specific characteristics of each individual.

Individual Interviews

Conducted to collect information on the client's concerns, current status, and certain personal traits.

Interview with significant other

Interviews with parents, instructors, and others provide useful information

Medical Records

May have implications for the life activities, plans, and goals of the students.

Information Service

Involves comprehensive and systematic collection and dissemination of information outside the individual.

Personal-Social Information

How one can improve oneself or relationship with others

Academic-Educational Information

Concerns the educational setting that one is in or might consider.

Vocational-Occupational Information

Opportunities that students can pursue after high school or college.

Printed Information Material

Pamphlets, books, magazines, etc.

Small-Group Guidance Activities

Designed to provide information or experience to students in groups of 7 to 12 people.

Homeroom Guidance/Classroom Guidance Activities

Planned sessions conducted by the counselor to students for them to feel relaxed, comfortable and open.

Seminars, Symposia, Conferences

Speakers are invited to share vital information.

Counseling Service

"heart and soul" of guidance program where there is verbal interaction between the counselor and client

Academic Counseling

focus mainly on school and academic concerns

Pastoral Counseling

combines religion and spirituality with secular counseling to promote health and wellness

Vocational Counseling

focus mainly on the selection or proper preparation of clients for the world of work

Personal Counseling

focus on intrapersonal and interpersonal growth

Grief Counseling

dealing with loss