Diversity, Social & Economic Justice, and Oppression / Stages of Cultural Assimilation / Stages of Racial Identity Development

What is the first thing social workers must do when working with a client from a different background?

Recognize our own bias and privilege and understand differences that may impact treatment. Knowing about different customs can be helpful but be cautious about stereotyping.

What should you do if a client has a problematic view?

It is best to focus on the presenting problem and not confront them about the problematic view, especially if no rapport has been built.

What if a client is facing discrimination?

Advocate for or with them.

Stages of Cultural Assimilation - Berry

Assimilation (majority culture valued over minority)
Separation (preserving minority culture by withdrawal from the majority)
Marginalization (feeling of not fitting in either "world")
Integration (valuing and integrating both cultures)

Stages of Racial Development - William Cross

Pre-encounter (absorbing values of dominant group)
Encounter (leads to acknowledging and realizing racial differences)
Immersion (interested in displaying visible symbols of heritage)
Internalization (comfort with race)
Commitment (to advancing social justice)

Other Key Themes in Racial, Ethics, and Cultural Development

Unexamined -> Identity Search -> Identity Achievement