Social 30 Final Review

Tito's Yugoslavia

Tito's Yugoslavia

A socialist federation led by Josip Broz Tito that existed from 1945 to 1992, known for its non-aligned foreign policy and self-management system.

Bigotry

The intolerance or prejudice towards individuals or groups based on their race, religion, nationality, or other characteristics.

Reaganomics

An economic policy implemented by President Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, characterized by tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending.

Social Darwinism

A theory that applies the concept of natural selection to society, suggesting that only the fittest individuals or groups will survive and prosper.

Lobbyist

A person or group who seeks to influence government officials or policies on behalf of a particular interest or industry.

The trickle-down theory

An economic theory that suggests that benefits given to the wealthy or businesses will eventually benefit the entire society through increased economic growth and job creation.

A radical

A person who advocates for significant and fundamental changes to the existing social, political, or economic systems.

A reactionary

A person who opposes or seeks to reverse social or political changes and favors a return to traditional or conservative values.

The good old days

A nostalgic term referring to a perceived past time period that is remembered as being better or more desirable than the present.

Redistribution of wealth

The transfer of wealth, typically through taxation or social programs, from the rich to the poor or from the privileged to the disadvantaged in order to reduce economic inequality.

Flexible morality

A concept that refers to the ability to adapt or change one's moral principles or ethical standards based on the situation or personal interests.

Political freedom

The ability of individuals or groups to exercise their rights and participate in the political process without undue restrictions or interference.

Thomas Hobbes

An English philosopher known for his social contract theory and the belief that humans are inherently self-interested and require a strong central authority to maintain order.

John Locke

An English philosopher who advocated for natural rights, including life, liberty, and property, and the idea that governments should be based on the consent of the governed.

Montesquieu

A French philosopher who proposed the separation of powers in government and the idea of checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power.

John Stuart Mill

An English philosopher and political economist who championed individual liberty, freedom of speech, and utilitarianism, which promotes actions that maximize overall happiness.

Adam Smith

A Scottish economist and philosopher known as the father of modern economics, who advocated for free markets, specialization, and the invisible hand theory.

Keynesian economics

An economic theory developed by John Maynard Keynes that emphasizes government intervention, particularly through fiscal policy, to stabilize the economy and promote economic growth.

Common Good

The concept of working towards the benefit and welfare of the entire society.

Collectivism

A political ideology that emphasizes the importance of collective action and cooperation for the common good.

Liberalism

A political philosophy that advocates for individual rights, limited government intervention, and free markets.

Modern Liberalism

A variant of liberalism that supports government intervention to promote social justice and equality.

Utopian Society

An idealized and perfect society that is often unattainable in reality.

Divine Right of Kings

The belief that monarchs derive their authority to rule directly from God.

Mercantilism

An economic system that emphasizes the accumulation of wealth through trade and the establishment of colonies.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of resources and the pursuit of profit.

Laissez-faire

An economic policy that advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.

Invisible Hand

The concept that individuals pursuing their own self-interest in a free market can unintentionally benefit society as a whole.

Agricultural Revolution

The period of significant technological advancements and changes in farming practices that led to increased food production.

Cottage Industry / Domestic System

A system of production where goods are produced in individual homes or small workshops.

Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrialization and technological advancements that transformed manufacturing and production processes.

Classical Liberalism

A political ideology that emphasizes individual liberty, limited government, and free markets.

Luddites

Workers who protested against the introduction of machinery during the Industrial Revolution.

Chartists

A working-class movement in the 19th century that advocated for political and social reforms.

Marxism

A socio-political theory developed by Karl Marx that focuses on the struggle between the working class and the capitalist class.

Communism

A political ideology that advocates for the abolition of private property and the establishment of a classless society.

Socialism

An economic and political system that advocates for collective ownership and democratic control of the means of production.

Utopian Socialism

A variant of socialism that envisions an ideal society based on cooperation and equality.

Command Economy

An economic system where the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services.

Traditional Economy

An economic system based on customs, traditions, and barter.

Free Market Economy

An economic system where prices and production are determined by supply and demand in a competitive market.

Free Enterprise Economy

An economic system where private individuals and businesses have the freedom to operate and compete.

Mixed Economy

An economic system that combines elements of both market and command economies.

Public Enterprise

A business or industry owned and operated by the government.

Private Enterprise

A business or industry owned and operated by private individuals or corporations.

Fascism

A far-right political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, strong nationalism, and suppression of dissent.

Expansionism

The policy or practice of expanding a nation's territory or influence.

Brinkmanship

A diplomatic strategy that involves pushing a situation to the brink of war to achieve one's objectives.

Detente

A period of improved relations and reduced tensions between rival nations.

Deterrence

The use of military strength and the threat of retaliation to discourage aggression.

Containment

A foreign policy strategy aimed at preventing the spread of communism.

Liberation Movements

Political and social movements seeking independence or freedom from colonial or oppressive powers.

The Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union.

A Hot War

An armed conflict involving direct military engagement between opposing forces.

M.A.D

The concept that the use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would result in the destruction of both.

Spheres of Influence

Areas where a dominant power exerts significant political, economic, or military influence.

Superpowers

Nations with immense global influence and power, often referring to the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Alignment

The act of forming alliances or affiliations with other nations for political or strategic purposes.

Proxy Wars

Conflicts where opposing powers support and fight through third-party groups or nations.

WMD (Weapons of Mass Destruction)

Weapons capable of causing widespread destruction and loss of life, such as nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons.

Space Race

The competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve milestones in space exploration.

NATO versus Warsaw Pact

Military alliances formed by Western and Eastern bloc countries respectively during the Cold War.

Egalitarianism

The belief in equality and equal rights for all individuals.

Rights and Responsibilities

The idea that individuals have certain rights but also

Language laws Bill 101

Legislation in Canada that promotes the use of the French language and restricts the use of English in certain contexts.

Descent

The origin or lineage of a person, typically referring to their ancestry or family background.

Citizen advocacy

The act of individuals or groups advocating for the rights and interests of citizens, often through lobbying or activism.

Welfare capitalism

An economic system that combines elements of capitalism with social welfare policies to provide a safety net for workers and address social inequalities.

Conservatism

A political ideology that emphasizes traditional values, limited government intervention, and the preservation of established institutions.

Classical conservatism

A variant of conservatism that emphasizes the importance of social hierarchy, order, and stability in society.

The Roaring Twenties

A period of economic prosperity and cultural change in the United States during the 1920s, characterized by increased consumerism and social liberation.

Wall Street Crash

The stock market crash that occurred in 1929, leading to the Great Depression.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, marked by high unemployment, poverty, and a decline in industrial production.

Fiscal policy

The use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, particularly in relation to managing inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

Monetary policy

The control of the money supply and interest rates by a central bank to regulate economic activity and stabilize prices.

Roosevelt and the New Deal

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic and social reform programs implemented during the Great Depression to stimulate the economy and provide relief to those affected by the crisis.

Liberal democracy

A political system that combines liberal principles, such as individual rights and freedoms, with democratic governance.

Authoritarian governments

Political systems characterized by centralized power, limited political freedoms, and strict control over society.

Nazism

The ideology and political movement associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party, characterized by extreme nationalism, racism, and authoritarianism.

Containment

A foreign policy strategy adopted by the United States during the Cold War to prevent the spread of communism, particularly by containing the influence of the Soviet Union.

World War II events that led to the Cold War

The division of Germany, the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers, and the ideological differences between capitalism and communism.

The Truman Doctrine

A policy announced by President Harry S. Truman that provided economic and military aid to countries threatened by communism, aiming to contain its spread.

The Marshall Plan

An American initiative that provided economic assistance to Western European countries after World War II to aid in their recovery and prevent the spread of communism.

Berlin blockade

The Soviet Union's blockade of West Berlin from 1948 to 1949, which aimed to force the Western powers to abandon the city.

The Korean War

A conflict that took place from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union) and South Korea (supported by the United Nations and the United States).

Hungarian Revolution

A nationwide revolt against the Soviet-backed Hungarian government in 1956, seeking political and economic reforms.

The Berlin Wall

A barrier constructed by East Germany in 1961 to separate East and West Berlin, symbolizing the division between communist and capitalist ideologies.

Partial Test Ban Treaty

An international treaty signed in 1963 that prohibited the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, underwater, and in outer space.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 1962 confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, which brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.

The Vietnam War

A protracted conflict that took place from 1955 to 1975 between North Vietnam (supported by the Soviet Union and China) and South Vietnam (supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies).

SALT treaties 1 and 2

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the United States and the Soviet Union that resulted in two treaties aimed at limiting the number of nuclear weapons possessed by each country.

Helsinki Accords

An agreement signed in 1975 by the United States, Canada, and European countries, including the Soviet Union, that aimed to improve relations between East and West during the Cold War.

Soviet war in Afghanistan

A conflict that lasted from 1979 to 1989, in which the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to support a communist government against anti-communist resistance fighters.

The fall of the Berlin Wall

The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the reunification of East and West Germany.

The nuclear arms race

The competition between the United