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Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

General Intelligence

Underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test, according to Spearman and others.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Achievement Test

A test designed to assess what a person has learned.

Aptitude Test

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.

Mental age

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, indicating the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age.

Stanford-Binet

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test.

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100; average performance for a given age is scored at 100.

Validity

The extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Reliability

The extent to which a test yields consistent results.

Howard Gardner

The identifier of eight relatively independent intelligences, including verbal and mathematical aptitudes.

Robert Sternberg

The founder of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

Alfred Binet

French psychologist who, along with Théodore Simon, invented the first practical intelligence test.

Lewis Terman

The person responsible for including the formula for IQ based on mental and chronological age.

David Weschler

Developed well-known intelligence scales, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Chronological Age

The amount of time that has passed since someone was born, measured in years, months, and days.

Weschler intelligence scale

An IQ test designed to measure intelligence and cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents.

Group intelligence test

An intelligence test that can be administered to a large group rather than a single individual.