Chpt 7 Vocab words

Actus Reus

The criminal act.

Conscious Avoidance

A type of mens rea that applies to officers or managers who try to avoid criminal liability by deliberately avoiding information.

Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM)

Federal law that prohibits unsolicited e-mails for purposes advertising.

Crime

A wrong against society that carries penalties of imprisonment or fines or both.

Criminal Fraud

When the perpetrator intentionally makes false statements to the victim to obtain money, property, or an advantage.

Embezzlement

When an employee steals funds, property, or services from their employer.

Fifth Amendment

Portion of the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution providing against self-incrimination and ensuring due process.

Grand Jury

Special group of jurors established to determine if sufficient evidence is present in criminal cases to support criminal prosecutions

Indictment

Formal criminal charges issued by a grand jury.

Mens Rea

Mental intent or state of mind required for the commission of a crime.

Miranda Warnings

Statement required to be given to individuals when taken into custody to alert them to their right to remain silent, the fact that statements can be used against them, their right to an attorney, and the right to an appointed attorney if they cannot afford one.

Nolo Contendere

A “no contest” plea; the charges are neither denied nor admitted.

Plea Bargain

A negotiated settlement of a criminal case prior to trial.

Search Warrant

Judicially authorized document allowing the search of individuals or businesses premises.

Sixth Amendment

Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that guarantees the right to a jury trial in criminal cases.