Chpt 7 Vocab words

Actus Reus - The criminal act.
Conscious Avoidance – type of mens rea that applies to officers or managers of a
company who try to avoid criminal liability by deliberately avoiding information.
Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) -
Federal law that prohibits unsolicited e-mails for purposes of advertising.
Crime - A wrong against society that carries penalties of imprisonment or fines or both.
Criminal Fraud - When the perpetrator intentionally makes false statements to the victim
to obtain his money or property or some other advantage.
Embezzlement - When an employee steals funds, property, or services from his employer.
Fifth Amendment - Portion of the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution providing
protection against self-incrimination and ensuring due process.
Grand Jury - Special group of jurors established to determine if sufficient evidence is
present in criminal cases to support criminal prosecutions.
Indictment - Formal criminal charges issued by the grand jury.
Mens Rea - Mental intent or state of mind required for the commission of a crime.
Miranda Warnings - Statement required to be given to individuals when taken into
custody to alert them to their right to remain silent, the fact that statements can be used
against them, their right to an attorney, and the right to an appointed attorney if they
cannot afford one.
Nolo Contendere - A “no contest” plea; the charges are neither denied or admitted.
Plea Bargain - A negotiated settlement of a criminal case prior to trial.
Search Warrant - Judicially authorized document allowing the search of individuals’ or
businesses’ premises.
Sixth Amendment- Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that guarantees the right to a
jury trial in criminal cases.