transition metals

scandium, sc

scandium, sc

colorless, diamagnetic, low density, high melting point, alloyed with Al for strong materials for fighter jets, high-end bikes and bats, similar to Mg

titanium, ti

colorless, diamagnetic, low density, high melting point, highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal, _O2 common white pigment, bike frames, artificial bones/joints, jewelry, aircraft, similar to C and Si

vanadium, v

multiple oxidation states, different colors, corrosion resisten, alloyed with iron to make tough steel, engine parts, axles

niobium, nb

multiple oxidation states, different colors, superconductors, pacemakers

tantalum, ta

multiple oxidation states, different colors, capacitors in modern electronics

Chromium, Cr

greek word for color, used for pigments, leather tanning, cleaning/plating, makes rubies red,

Molybdenum, Mo

greek word for lead (similar properties), Fe_Co is cofactor is nitrogen fixation

tungsten, w

wolfram, _ carbide strong steel in drills, armory, abrasives, etc. Light blubs flow w/o melting current, only 3rd row metal found in bio

Manganese, Mn

Most number of oxidation states of the transition metals, batteries

Technetium, Tc

smalest element with no stable isotopes, radioactive tracer in mammographies

Iron, Fe

arguable most important element in modern civilization, steel, human life, hemoglobin

Cobalt, Co

Kobold, mischievous goblin, blue colors, important in bio

Iridium, Ir

Iris goddess, salts iridescent, most corrosion-resistant material known, very rare

Nickel, Ni

Less reactive stable metals, useful in catalysis, corrosion-resistant, coins, batteries

Platinum, pt

Less reactive stable metals, useful in catalysis, corrosion-resistant, electrods, chemotherapy, jewelry

Copper, Cu

exists in nature as metal, alloys with Sn, Zn, Ni, oldest metals applied, coins, batteries, biomolecules, plating, pigments, wire, 1+ state dominated by s-orbital electrons

silver, Ag

exists in nature as metal, highest electrical conductivity, useful in wires, high reflectivity, mirrors, utensils, coins, photographic films, tooth fillings, batteries

Gold, Au

exists in nature as metal, most malleable metal, very unreactive, jewelry

Zinc, Zn

Most important biological metal, encoding DNA, alloys, galvanized steel as sacrificial anode, batteries, oxide water resistant and reflects UV light, sunscreen, diaper cream

Cadmium, Cd

highly toxic, tobacco, batteries

Mercury, Hg

only metal liquid at room temp, batteries, old thermometers, dental fillings with silver amalgam

hydrogen, H

89 percent of all atoms in universe, liquid at 20 K, fuel cells

beryllium, Be

higher mp and ionization energy, smaller, harder, more covalent bonding = _ chloride. Less reactive than others in group, +2 difficult to form.

calcium and magnesium, Ca Mg

two alkaline earth metals, biologically important, _ in concrete, carbonates: hard water, chalk, limestone, geological formations from their dissolution,

barium, Ba

alkaline earth metal, absorbs x. rays, useful in gastro medicine

radium, Ra

alkaline earth metal, holy grail for molecular imaging agents

tin, Sn

tetragen, soft metal, cans

lead, Pb

tetragen, toxic, used to be in paint and pencils

Nitrogen, N

group 15, some forms stable, some reactive (TNT), _ fixation

Phosphorus, P

group 15, d-orbitals available for bonding (expanded octet possible), important in biology (ATP, ADP)

Arsenic, As

group 15, semi-metal, toxic but can also have anti-cancer properties

Bismuth, Bi

group 15, heavy but not very toxic, in makeup to make it shiny

Oxygen, O

group 16, most common state is -2 but can also be 0 and -1

sulfur, S

group 16, bad or potent smelling, many allotropes

helium, He

noble gas, for no compounds, superfluid, cooling superconductor magnets, MRI, NMR

Argon, Ar

noble gas, the lazy gas, heavy and inert