Human Anatomy & Physiology: The Chemistry of Life

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the chemistry of life, including atomic structure, chemical reactions, pH, and organic molecules.

The smallest unit of matter that retains original properties is called __.

Atom

The three subatomic particles are __, __, and __.

protons, neutrons, electrons

An atom with the same atomic number but a different mass number is known as an __.

isotope

The four major elements found in the human body are __, __, __, and __.

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen

The __ is the number of protons in the atomic nucleus that defines every element.

atomic number

Acids are defined as donors, while bases are acceptors.

proton, proton

The pH scale ranges from to , with 7 being neutral.

0, 14

A __ is a chemical system that resists changes in pH.

buffer

Triglycerides serve as major __ storage in the body.

energy

The primary structural molecule in the body, involved in movement and transport, is __.

protein

The __ rule states that an atom is most stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell.

octet

In chemical reactions, reactions require an input of energy, while reactions release energy.

endergonic, exergonic

Hydrophilic solutes are charged or polar and dissolve in water, while __ solutes do not dissolve in water.

hydrophobic