Holocaust Test

Antisemitism

hatred or prejudice against Jews

Aryan

Nazi racial term used to describe people they believed were of pure German or Northern European ancestry

Bystander

a person who witnessed events but did not act

Collaborator

someone who cooperated with the Nazis

Concentration Camp

prison camps for forced labor and detention

Death Camp

camps designed specifically for mass murder

Genocide

the deliberate destruction of an entire group of people

Holocaust

Hebrew term “sacrifice from fire”

Nuremberg Laws

laws that stripped Jews of citizenship and rights

Kristallnacht

“Night of broken glass” , a violent anti-Jewish pogram in November 1938

Ghetto

segregated area where Jews were forced to live

Bielski Partisans

(Belarus) hid Jews in forest camps and used armed resistance to protect them

Chiune Sugihara

(Japan) issued transit visas that allowed Jews to escape Nazi-controlled Europe

Knud Christiansen

(Denmark) helped smuggle Danish Jews by boat to safety in Sweden

Irena Sendler

(Polish social worker), smuggled Jewish children out of ghettos using false identities

Raoul Wallenberg

(Sweden) gave protective passports and created safe houses for Jews

Why did many medieval European Jews pursue careers in finance?

Christians were forbidden to lend money with interest

What was the Beer Hall Putsch?

A Coup (Violent attempt on taking power)

How did the Nazi’s change their tactics after the Beer Hall Putsch?

they pursued power legally through elections

What were the German people asked to boycott in April of 1933?

Jewish-owned businesses

What was the political result of the Reichstag Fire of 1933?

Hitler gained emergency powers and crushed opposition

What did Hitler and the Nazi’s begin to call people who simply spoke out against or criticized their policies?

enemies of the state

How were Jews increasingly stripped of the rights throughout the early 1930’s?

laws that removed their citizenship, jobs, and civil rights

What other elements of the population became targets of Nazi policy and ideology?

Disabled, LGTBQ, Gypsies, Colored

What did the Nazi’s accomplish on the “Night of Long Knives”?

secured Hitler’s total control of the Nazi Party and military by eliminating rivals within the Nazi Party

What was the result of the Evian Conference?

most countries refused to accept Jewish refugees

What were the results of the Kristallnacht?

synagogues destroyed, Jews arrested and killed

What did the word ghetto mean?

a restricted area isolating Jews from society

What was implemented at Wannsee in January of 1941?

the Final Solution to exterminate Jews

How were many Jewish inmates transported from their homes to camps or camp to camp?

Crowded cattle cars by train

How did Oskar Schindler financially benefit from the outset of the Holocaust?

cheap Jewish forced labor

How did Oskar Schindler lose all of his money by the end of the Holocaust?

bribing officials to save Jews

Where were the killing centers – like Auschwitz - located?

primarily in occupied Poland

Where were the Nazi’s placed on trial for the contributions to the Holocaust?

Nuremberg, Germany

From what areas of life under the Reich were the defendants from?

political, military, economic, and industrial leadership

What defenses did the defendents use?

they were “following orders” and had lack of personal responsibility

Why did Admiral Chester Nimitz testify on behalf of German Admiral Karl Doenitz during the trials?

to show similar Allied naval practices

Why did Hitler not stand trial?

he committed suicide in 1945

What method of execution was used at Nuremberg?

hanging