Community Acquired Pneumonia

This set of flashcards focuses on key vocabulary and concepts related to Community Acquired Pneumonia as covered in the lecture notes.

Pneumonia

An infection and inflammation of the lung alveoli that become filled with fluid.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Pneumonia experienced by persons in the general population outside of a hospital setting.

Nosocomial Pneumonia

Pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after hospital admission and was not present during admission.

Causative agents of pneumonia

Pathogens that can cause pneumonia, including Streptococcus pneumoniae for CAP, and E.coli for HCAP.

Pathogenesis of pneumonia

The process by which microorganisms reach the lung, including inhalation and blood seeding.

Clinical manifestations of pneumonia

Symptoms such as fever, chills, chest pain, cough, and shortness of breath.

Typical pneumonia

Pneumonia with rapid onset and more severe symptoms, often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Atypical pneumonia

Pneumonia with slower onset and less severe symptoms, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Diagnostic tools for pneumonia

Methods including chest radiography and lab tests like Gram stain and culture of sputum.

Antimicrobial agents for pneumonia

Medications prescribed based on pneumonia type, including macrolides and broad-spectrum cephalosporins.

Prevention methods for pneumonia

Strategies to reduce risk, including vaccination and avoiding exposure to aerosolized water.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A causative agent of atypical pneumonia that lacks a cell wall and replicates intracellularly.

Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors

Capsule making it resistant to phagocytosis and IgA protease degrading secretory IgA.

Gold standard for pneumonia diagnosis

Chest radiograph, which helps visualize lung conditions related to pneumonia.

Treatment for pneumonia

Often empirical; may include macrolides, tetracyclines, or respiratory quinolones.