27 Lipid and Protein Metabolism

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts in Lipid and Protein Metabolism from lecture notes.

Lipolysis

Breaks up fatty acids and glycerol.

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Glycerol is converted to ___ and enters glycolysis.

β-oxidation

95% of energy from triglycerides comes from fatty acid oxidation through __.

acetyl CoA

β-oxidation produces __ and ketone bodies through ketogenesis.

heart and skeletal muscle

Fatty acids oxidized in mitochondrial matrix of __.

FADH2, NADH, acetyl-CoA, and a fatty acid with two fewer carbons

What are the products of β-oxidation?

FADH2 and NADH

What goes to electron transport chain form the products of the β-oxidation?

Acetyl CoA

What goes to citric acid cycle form the products of the β-oxidation?

Ketogenesis

Process in liver producing ketone bodies from acetyl CoA

mitochondrial matrix

Ketogenesis occurs in __ of liver cells.

transamination

In amino group is transferred to 5 carbon a-ketoglutarate.

carbon skeleton

The _ can be converted into a variety of compounds, which can then be oxidized.

oxidative deamination

Glutamate undergoes ___ in hepatocyte mitochondria.

NH3

Removal of amino group forms ___ and reforms α-ketoglutarate

urea cycle

NH3 is removed by _ in hepatocytes.

lipogenesis

Synthesis of fatty acids () is like β-oxidation in reverse.

cytosol

Lipogenesis occurs in __ and involves fatty acid synthase.

Fatty acid synthase

What lengthens fatty acid chain by 2 carbon units?

peptide bonds

Joining of amino acids by __.

glucose or fatty acids

Proteins not stored like carbohydrates and lipids. Excess is converted to __ for storage.