Solutions and Stoichiometry

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions related to solutions, stoichiometry, acids and bases, and titrations based on the lecture notes.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Solute

The substance that gets dissolved in a solution.

Solvent

The substance that does the dissolving in a solution.

Solvation

The interaction of a solvent with the dissolved solute.

Dissolving

When a substance separates into individual particles in a solvent.

Dissociation

The process where an ionic substance separates into its component ions.

Ionization

The process in which a substance forms ions.

Electrolytes

Substances that can conduct electricity when dissociated in solution.

Polarity

The distribution of electrons in a molecule, affecting its ability to dissolve.

Miscible

A substance that can dissolve in another substance.

Immiscible

A substance that cannot dissolve in another substance.

Molarity (M)

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution, measuring concentration.

Saturated solution

A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute.

Unsaturated solution

A solution that can still dissolve more solute.

Supersaturated solution

A solution containing more solute than the maximum solubility.

pH scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Any substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution.

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions.

Neutralization reaction

A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and an ionic salt.

Auto-ionization of water

The process where water molecules donate and accept protons, forming hydronium and hydroxide ions.

Titration

A method for determining the concentration of an unknown solution of an acid or base.

Strong acids

Acids that completely dissociate or ionize.

Weak acids

Acids that partially dissociate or ionize.

Titrant

A solution of known concentration used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.