Studied by 15 people
Concrete Operational Stage
Stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Lawrence Kohlberg
Studied how children develop morality and moral reasoning. Theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages.
Marriage bonds are most likely to endure when couple...
engage in more positive than negative interactions with each other
Most abusive parents report that...
they were also abused or neglected as a child
Piaget studied how children think, know, and remember...Together these things are referred to as
Cognitive development
When do physical abilities peak
Early-twenties
Our sensitivities to peer influence is genetically predisposed because it has facilitated the process of mating displays what type of perspective?
Evolutionary perspective
Temperament
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Adolescents and parents are most likely to agree on ___________________ and disagree on ______________
religion and education; music and clothing
Self-concept
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves; starts at age 12
Maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of...
Stability and change
Conventional Stage of Morality
Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order
Impact on visual impairment that go unfixed until age 5
How we observe the world around us
Normal healthy newborns have _________________ the brain cells they will have
All
The conflicting results of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of aging and intelligence are of greatest relevance to the issue of...
Stability and change
Stability of personality traits is greater among...
adults
Association areas are the last cortical areas to fully develop their...
neural networks
Concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of...
bladder control amongst 2 year olds
Accomodation
adapting one's current understandings (schemas) and applying that into their everyday life
Theory of Mind
ability to understand and take into account another individual's mental state
Attachment
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
By manipulating a single gene, scientists have been able to control sexual orientation in...
fruit flies
As men age, they experience a _____________________ in testosterone
decrease
Egocentrism is to conservation as the ____________________ stage is to the ______________________________ stage
preoperational; concrete
How do kids develop basic trust according to Erikson?
As an infant, their needs are dependably met
Pruning in regards to language development
eliminates synapses
Learning to delay gratification promotes
moral action
zygote
a fertilized egg with 100 cells that becomes increasingly diverse
Erikson's stage - integrity
fully accepting oneself and coming to terms with the death "integrity vs. despair"
insecure attachment
the attachment style for a minority of infants; the infant may exhibit insecure attachment through various behaviors, such as avoiding contact with the caregiver, or by alternating between approach and avoidance behaviors
social roles assigned to men and women are _________ across cultures
differ
infantile amnesia
the inability to retrieve memories from before age 3
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation; as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner
Does teen pregnancy happen more or less often when there is a father figure
less
Do infants have well defined critical periods when it comes to mother/infancy attachment immediately after birth
no
sexual orientation
a person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted
attachment
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
authoritative parents
demanding but responsive to their children
Why can't people remember the first few months of their lives
our brains are not fully developed (not until 3-3.5 years old); lack language skills
Piaget underestimates what when it comes to cognitive development
continuity; believed it was more of a rigid process but it's actually a sliding scale
secure attachment
a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver
teratogen
chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus (drugs, alcohol, virus)
aerobic exercise in late adulthood boosts ___________
memory
symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
low body weight, poor coordination, hyperactive behavior, difficulty with attention, poor memory, difficulty in school (especially with math), learning disabilities, speech and language delays
repeated learning experiences seem to
strengthen neural connections
Egocentrism
in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
a mom smokes heavily during her pregnancy, her baby is likely to be
delivered early and exposed to chemicals and addiction
babies with intense and highly reactive temperament tend to be
insecure - irritable and unpredictable
In infants, Piaget underestimated
children's cognitive capacity
formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
gender typing
The process of developing the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions associated with a particular gender.
schema
a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world
imprinting
any kind of phase-sensitive learning (learning occurring at a particular age or a particular life stage) that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior; attachment
who's the most popular kid in 5th grade?
the tallest kid on the basketball team
Trends in Asian v Western cultures
Western - independent
Asian - interdependent
Gender gap in aggression is unlikely to contribute to..
Spreading rumors about another person
Note
Flashcard