APUSH Civil War Challenge

What did the Wilmot Proviso propose?

A ban on slavery in any territories gained from the Mexican-American war

What did the Free-soil movement oppose?

The expansion of slavery 

William Lloyd Garrison and other radical abolitionists did not like how the Free Soilers stressed what?

White freehold farming OR racist “whitemanism”

What is squatter sovereignty?

Congress would allow settlers in each territory to determine its status as free or slave

Who did the Free Soil Party nominate as their candidate in the election of 1848?

Martin Van Buren

Who did the Whigs nominate as their candidate in the election of 1848?

General Zachary Taylor

What was Zachary Taylor’s stance on slavery?

Defended slavery in the south but not in the territories

What was Zachary Taylor’s nickname?

“Old Rough and Ready”

Who won the election of 1848?

Zachary Taylor

California farmers produced huge crops of what two products that San Francisco merchants exported to Europe at high prices? 

Wheat and barley

John C. Calhoun argued that Congress had no constitutional authority to regulate slavery in the territories because why?

Slaves were property and the Constitution restricted Congress’s power to limit property rights

What did John C. Calhoun mean when he said, “slavery follows the flag?”

That planters could by right take their slave property into new territories

Why was squatter sovereignty renamed popular sovereignty?

To link it to the republican ideology which placed ultimate power in the hands of the people

Who became president in 1850 after Zachary Taylor’s sudden death?

Millard Fillmore

Under what status was California admitted to the Union?

As a free state

In the Compromise of 1850, what was included to make the South happy?

A new Fugitive Slave Act 

What did the Compromise of 1850 determine about the District of Columbia?

It abolished the slave trade there, but not slavery

What did the Compromise of 1850 determine about the territories of New Mexico and Utah?

They would use popular sovereignty to determine the issue of slavery

Who were “fire-eaters?”

Militant activists who had special conventions to safeguard “southern rights”

What was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850?

The Fugitive Slave Act

What were the potential consequences of helping protect slave fugitives?

Substantial fines and prison sentences

Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

What novel boosted opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

State legislators in the North protested that the Fugitive Slave Act violated what?

State sovereignty

What were personal-liberty laws?

Laws that guaranteed to all residents, including alleged fugitives, the right to a jury trial

In 1859, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney led a unanimous Supreme Court decision which affirmed what?

The supremacy of federal courts which upheld the constitutionality of the Fugitive Slave Act

Who was elected President in 1852?

Franklin Pierce

Where did the Missouri Compromise prohibit new slave states?

In the LA Purchase north of the 36°30’

How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 repeal the Missouri Compromise?

It organized the region on the basis of popular sovereignty

What led to the end of the Whig Party?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

Who was a part of the new Republican Party after the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Anti-Nebraska Democrats, ex-Whigs, Free-Soilers, and abolitionists 

Why did the new Republican Party all oppose slavery?

It drove down the wages of free workers and degraded the dignity of manual labor

The American or Know-Nothing Party had its origins in what?

Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic movements of the 1840s

What happened when Kansas and Nebraska were opened up to popular sovereignty?

Thousands of settlers rushed into the territories temporarily to vote in elections there

What was “Bleeding Kansas?”

When proslavery forces and anti-slavery forces clashed violently in Kansas

Who was John Brown?

An abolitionist who was angered by proslavery attacks and therefore attacked proslavery settlers back

What was the result of the attacks on Lawrence and the Pottawatomie killings?

It started a guerrilla war in Kansas that took nearly 200 lives

Who won the election of 1856?

James Buchanan

What was Dred Scott’s reasoning for why he should be considered free?

His residence in a free state and a free territory had made him free

What was the ruling that the justices gave in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

Scott was still a slave

What was Chief Justice Robert B. Taney’s opinion on the Dred Scott v. Sandford case in terms of citizenship?

That Negroes, whether enslaved or free, could not be citizens of the U.S. and therefore Scott could not sue in federal court

What was Chief Justice Robert B. Taney’s opinion on the Dred Scott v. Sandford case in terms of property?

Congress could not prevent southern citizens from moving their slave property into the territories because the 5^th Amendment essentially prohibited it

What was Chief Justice Robert B. Taney’s opinion on the Dred Scott v. Sandford case in terms of the Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise?

The provisions of the Northwest Ordinance and the Missouri Compromise that prohibited slavery had never been constitutional

Abraham Lincoln was a member of what political party initially?

Whig

To avoid future racial strife, what did Abraham Lincoln favored what solution early in his career for freed blacks?

Colonization of freed blacks in Africa or South America

In 1858, Abraham emerged as a politician for what political party?

Republican

What is the most famous quote from Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided Speech?”

“A house divided against itself cannot stand”

What does Abraham Lincoln’s famous “House Divided Speech” say about the future of slavery in the U.S.?

The U.S. won’t be half free and half slave, it will become all one thing, or all the other

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, what did Stephen Douglas support?

White supremacy

In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, what did Abraham Lincoln support?

Free blacks should have equal economic opportunities but not equal political rights

What is the Freeport Doctrine?

A territory’s residents could exclude slavery by not adopting laws to protect it

Who won the Illinois Senate seat in 1858? 

Stephen Douglas

After the election of 1858, what did moderate Democrats demand?

Political or constitutional protections for slavery

After the election of 1858, what did fire-eater Democrats promote?

Secession

What was John Brown’s goal in leading a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA?

Brown hoped to arm slaves and have a major rebellion to end slavery

In the election of 1860, Republicans courted what group to vote for their candidate?

Free soilers

Who won the Presidential election of 1860?

Abraham Lincoln

How much time passed between when Abraham Lincoln was elected and when he was inaugurated?

4 months

What was the first state to secede?

South Carolina

What was the name of the new secessionist country?

The Confederate States of America

Who was elected as the Confederacy's President?

Jefferson Davis

Who was elected as the Confederacy's Vice President?

Alexander Stephens

Why was secessionist fervor less intense in the four states of the Middle South (AL, NC, TN, AR)?

there were fewer slaves there

List 2 of the border states that practiced slavery before and during the Civil War but did not secede from the Union?

Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware

What was President Buchanan's stance on secession?

it was illegal, but that the federal government lacked authority to restore the Union by force

What was the first provision of the Crittenden Compromise which was approved by Congress?

a constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed

What was the second provision of the Crittenden Compromise which Congress rejected?

the westward extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the California border

In his March 1861 inaugural address, what did Abraham Lincoln promise in terms of slavery?

to safeguard slavery where it existed but prevent its expansion

In his March 1861 inaugural address, what did Abraham Lincoln say about secession?

the secession of the Confederate states was illegal, and he would use force to preserve the Union

Essentially, what were the seceded states' 2 options according to Lincoln?

return to the Union or face war

What was Abraham Lincoln's original goal in going to war?

to preserve the Union, not to end slavery

Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

Fort Sumter, SC

Yeomen in northwestern Virginia voted to create what breakaway territory that joined the Union in 1863?

West Virginia

Where did the Civil War's first combat deaths happen?

Baltimore, MD

Who was named the Confederate Commander?

Robert E. Lee

Abraham Lincoln mobilized what group of people to try to win control of Missouri?

the German-American militia

What did Confederate President Jefferson Davis compare the Confederate's cause to?

the Patriots of 1776

What did General Winfield Scott recommend to Abraham Lincoln as a strategy?

economic sanctions and a naval blockade

Abraham Lincoln hoped that a quick strike against what Confederate capital would end the rebellion?

Richmond, VA

Who won the First Battle of Bull Run?

the Confederates

Who did Abraham Lincoln replace General Irvin McDowell with?

General George McClellan

What battle remains the bloodiest single day in US military history?

the Battle at Antietam

Why did Abraham Lincoln criticize General George McClellan after the Battle of Antietam?

McClellan let Lee retreat

What was the South's financial center and largest city in 1862?

New Orleans

What is total war?

war that mobilizes all of a society's resources (economic, political, cultural)

Why did Jefferson Davis have less success harnessing southern resources?

-the states of the Confederacy remained suspicious of centralized rule

-southern yeomen grew increasingly skeptical of the war effort

Why was the southern call for volunteers more successful than the North's?

the South had a strong military tradition and a culture that stressed duty/honor

after enlistments declined, what did both governments do to get soldiers?

imposed a draft (conscription)

How did the Union incentivize recruits to join the army?

cash bounties

Why did immigrants in the North have hostility toward the draft (conscription) and the blacks?

said Lincoln was drafting poor whites to liberate enslaved blacks who would then come take their jobs

More Union soldiers died from what than combat?

disease/infections

What did the Freeman's Aid Society do?

collected supplies for liberated slaves

Dorothea Dix helped open up what profession to women during the Civil War?

nursing

Which side had greater resources in the Civil War?

the Union

List one advantage the Union had over the South in terms of resources?

larger population, more railroad mileage, more industrial output, better economy, their arms factories were equipped for mass production

By 1863, enslaved blacks were what portion of the population?

1/3

What was the leading American export in 1863?

cotton

What did it mean that Britain recognized the Confederacy as a belligerent power?

they had the right to borrow money and purchase weapons

How did the Republican-dominated Congress encourage domestic industries?

they imposed high tariffs