Chemistry (Topic 1)

+

protons charge

-

electrons charge

0

neutrons charge

1

protons mass

negligible

electrons mass

1

neutrons mass

nucleus

protons location

in shells, orbiting nucleus

electrons location

nucleus

neutrons location

a form of an atom with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

what is an isotope?

increasing atomic number

how is the modern periodic table arranged?

increasing atomic mass

how was Mendeleev's periodic table arranged?

left hand side

where are metals found on the periodic table?

right hand side

where are non-metals found on the periodic table?

middle

where are transition metals found on the period table?

groups

what are the columns called on the periodic table?

periods

what are the rows called on the periodic table

gains or loses electrons

how does an element become an ion

to be stable + have a full outer shell

why does an element become an ion

cation

what is a positive ion called

anion

what is a negative ion called

loses electrons

how does an ion become positive

gains electrons

how does an ion become negative

how many electrons are in the outer shell

how does the group number help you know the ion it will make?

lattice

what word describes the arrangement of ions in an ionic compound?

strong electrostatic forces

name the force between ionic bonds

ide

if a compound has 2 elements what will its name end in?

ate

if a compound has 3 or more elements what will its name end in?

high, hard to overcome the strong electrostatic forces

what is the boiling/melting point of an ionic compound? why is it this?

the ions are not free to move

do ionic compounds conduct electricity? why is this?

a metal and non-metal

what is an ionic bond formed between?

a non-metal and a non-metal

what is a covalent bond formed between?

a molecule

what is formed as a result of covalent bonds?

to become stable, have a full outer shell

why do atoms share electrons?

weak intermolecular forces?

what forces are between covalent bonds?

low, not a lot of energy is needed to overcome the weak intermolecular forces

what is the boiling/melting point of a simple covalent bond? why is this?

no, it has no free moving electrons

can a covalent bond conduct electricity? why is this?

one or more physical forms of an element that occurs in the same physical state

what is meant by the word allotrope?

4

how many covalent bonds per atom does diamond have?

3

how many covalent bonds per atom does graphite have?

cutting tool, it is strong

what is one use of diamond? why is this?

electrode, free moving electrons
lubricant, layers can slide over each other

what is one use of graphite? why is this?

a single layer of graphite

what is graphene?

screen for phones, can conduct electricity so powers phones

what is one use of graphene? why is this?

carbon

what element is a fullerene made from?

carbon

what element is diamond, graphite and graphene made of?

buckyball, nanotubes

what are 2 examples fullerenes?

lubricant

what is one use of a buckyball?