Earth Science

Quarter 1

Big Bang Theory

The universe started from a hot dense point that is continuously expanding.

Steady State Theory

The universe has always existed with constant creation of matter.

Claudius Ptolemy

He proposed that the Earth is the center of the universe.

Edwin Hubble

He discovered the redshift in galaxies.

Pulsating/Oscillating Universe Theory

The universe expands and contracts alternatively.

Protoplanet Hypothesis

A large cloud of gas and dust fragmented into protoplanets that eventually became planets.

Nebular Hypothesis

A giant rotating cloud of gas and dust flattened into a disc, sun formed at the center then the remaining formed the planets.

Capture Theory

The sun captured planets yhat formed separately.

Fission Theory

The sun once spun so rapidly and ejected materials that condensed and formed planets.

Tidal Theory

A close encounter of the sun and a star caused tidal forces that drew matter out of the sun.

Goldilocks zone

A region that is not too hot and not too cold which allows liquid water to exist.

Temperature

The overall state of the Earth which allows chemical reactions to occur (hindi ko sure basta may reaction don).

Water

- An important ingredient in different biological processes.

Energy

light/ chemical proccess to run essential life process

Atmosphere

shield from the sun(traps layer of gases)

Nutrients

building and maintain an organism body

Geosphere

Includes the Earth's surface, and landforms

Hydrosphere

Includes all the liquid on Earth

Biosphere

Set of all life forms on Earth (ata).

Cryosphere

The ice systems which is a part of Hydrosphere.

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson(CMB)

fAINT GLOW

Inflation theory

rapid expansion(alan guth)

Modern cosmology

dark matter

fundamental particles

building blocks of everything

Quarks

protons and neutrons

Leptons

includes electrons

Bosons

interactions between quarks and leptons

Planet

wanderer - large bodies

Moon

planetary satellites

Asteroids

small rock objects

Dredging

Basta mining minerals from bodies of water.

Underground Mining

Used to extract minerals from beneath the Earth's surface.

Open-pit Mining

Basta yung nasa open area or pit

Water Treatment

Recycling

Reusing materials keme keme

Diamond

Hardest mineral

Gold

Yellow-ish, used in jewelry

Copper

Used in electrical wirings, high conductivity

Lead

protection from explosion, used in batteries

Aluminum

Used in tin cans, foil, and others

Einstein’s General Relativity

space and time curved by mass

George Lemaitre Hypothesis

primeval atom

Edwin Hubble Discovery

Redshift and Galaxies are moving away

Pulsating

expanding and contracting

Steady State Theory

always existed, average density

Asteroid Belt

between orbits of mass and jupiter

Comets

long tail of gas

Mateoroids

small chinks of rock and iron

Meteors

meteroids on earth atmosphere

Meteorites

landed on the earth’s surface

Protoplanet Hypothesis

Collision and accretion

Pierre Simon Laplace

Nebular Hypothesis

Thomas Chamberlin and Forest Moulton

Planetesimal Hypothesis

Michael Mark Woolfson

Capture Theory

Gerard Kuiper and Carl Von Weizsacker

Protoplanet Hypothesis

George Darwin

Fission Theory

George-Louis Leclerc and Comte De Buffon

Collision Theory

Temperature, Water, Energy, Atmosphere, Nutrients

TWEAN

Liquid Water

dissolves materials in and out of cell

Heat source

Heat that drives necessary to support life

Internal Heating

coming from earth radiogenic

External Heating

radiation

Atmosphere

heat trapped layer of gas

71%

earth surface

29%

Islands and Continents

Greenhouse effects

without these earth would be frozen

Strong Magnetic Field

Shields from radiation

Tectonic Plates

lithospheric plate

Troposphere

Closest/weather/ planes

Stratosphere

filters UV, “ozone layer”

Ozone Layer

absorbs UV radiation

Mesosphere

“middle” - coldest, meteors burn up

Thermosphere

Extremly Cold, low density

exosphere

very thin air

High Pressure Area

dry region, cold air sinks

Low Pressure Area

warm air sinks

ocean water

97%

2%

glaciers

1%

fresh water

Lithosphere

solid outer layer

lithos

rock

Athenosphere

upper mantle beneath lithosphere

Thin solid Crust

oxygen and silica

thick mantle

semi solid

Outer core

liquid

Inner core

solid

Chemosynthesis

process deep sea

Chemosynthetic

organism deep sea

Rock

solid materials consisting one or more minerals

Minerals

naturally found solid, inorganic

Crystal Habit

Overall shape

Equant

three-dimensional

Elongate

prism-like

Platy

Flat

luster

light reflects

Cleavage

tendency to break along

fracture

breaking in random

Hardness

can resist being stretched

Friedrich Mohs, 1812

Mohs Scale of Hardness

1-Hardness

Talc