sociology origins and industrial capitalist society

what led to the emergence of sociology as a discipline?

sociology emerged to explain and analyze the transformations brought about by the enlightenment, the french revolution, and the industrial revolution.

what significant event occurred during the french revolution that influenced sociology?

the collapse of feudalism and the establishment of a democratic republic by the bourgeoisie.

what did august comte advocate for in relation to sociology?

he argued that there must be a science of society to explain social transformations.

what are the key themes addressed by early sociologists like karl marx, emile durkheim, and max weber?

they focused on the changes from agricultural to industrial and capitalist society and the implications of that transformation.

what characterized the industrial revolution according to eric hobsbawm?

it marked the first time in history when productive powers were unleashed, allowing for the unlimited growth of people, goods, and services.

what were the primary concerns of sociologists in the early years of the discipline?

they were concerned with causes of social change, social harmony, the role of social groups in achieving order, and the future of society.

how did the industrial revolution affect urban development?

it led to the rapid growth of cities and the creation of a global economy.

what is the difference between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie?

the proletariat refers to the working class who sell their labor, while the bourgeoisie refers to the capitalist class that owns the means of production.

what questions did sociologists aim to answer regarding the new societal structure?

they sought to understand the new roles, statuses, power dynamics, ideologies, social conflicts, and causes of change within industrial society.

what was the impact of the enlightenment on the study of society?

it replaced religious and traditional explanations with reason, secularism, and the application of scientific inquiry to human behavior.

how did early sociologists view the challenge of social harmony?

they were interested in how social groups and new structures could maintain order and cohesion amidst the disruption caused by industrialization.

what did the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society mean for social hierarchy?

it meant a shift from fixed feudal ranks to a system defined by capitalist production, class struggle, and new urban statuses.