Grade 12 Kinesiology - 1.1 Principles & Terminology of Kinesiology

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65 Terms

1
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Human Anatomy

study of the structures that make up the human body and how they relate to each other

<p>study of the structures that make up the human body and how they relate to each other</p>
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Physiology

basic processes of the body and how they occur in the body

<p>basic processes of the body and how they occur in the body</p>
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Structure determines ________.

function

<p>function</p>
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Anatomical Position

the standard way the human body is shown

<p>the standard way the human body is shown</p>
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Anatomical Position Standards

  1. standing erect

  2. facing forward

  3. arms to the side, palms facing forward, thumbs turned outward

  4. legs straight

  5. heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other

<ol><li><p>standing erect</p></li><li><p>facing forward</p></li><li><p>arms to the side, palms facing forward, thumbs turned outward</p></li><li><p>legs straight</p></li><li><p>heels, feet and great toes parallel to each other</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Anterior

towards the front of the body

<p>towards the front of the body</p>
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Posterior

towards the back of the body

<p>towards the back of the body</p>
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Anterior vs Posterior

Anterior: towards the front of the body

Posterior: towards the back of the body

<p>Anterior: towards the front of the body</p><p>Posterior: towards the back of the body</p>
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Superior

above

<p>above</p>
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Inferior

below

<p>below</p>
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Superior vs Inferior

Superior: above

Inferior: below

<p>Superior: above</p><p>Inferior: below</p>
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Superficial

on or close to the surface of the body

<p>on or close to the surface of the body</p>
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Deep

farther away from the surface of the body

<p>farther away from the surface of the body</p>
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Superficial vs Deep

Superficial: on or close to the surface of the body

Deep: farther away from the surface of the body

<p>Superficial: on or close to the surface of the body</p><p>Deep: farther away from the surface of the body</p>
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Lateral

away from the midline of the body

<p>away from the midline of the body</p>
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Medial

towards the midline of the body

<p>towards the midline of the body</p>
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Lateral vs Medial

Lateral: away from the midline of the body

Medial: towards the midline of the body

<p>Lateral: away from the midline of the body</p><p>Medial: towards the midline of the body</p>
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Proximal

closer to a specific region

<p>closer to a specific region</p>
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Distal

further from a specific region

<p>further from a specific region</p>
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Proximal vs Distal

Proximal: closer to a specific region

Distal: further from a specific region

<p>Proximal: closer to a specific region</p><p>Distal: further from a specific region</p>
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Supine

lying on the back

<p>lying on the back</p>
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Prone

lying on the front

<p>lying on the front</p>
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Supine vs Prone

Supine: lying on the back

Prone: lying on the front

<p>Supine: lying on the back</p><p>Prone: lying on the front</p>
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Planes

imaginary flat surfaces that divide the body

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Median Plane

bisects the body into left and right halves

<p>bisects the body into left and right halves</p>
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Sagittal Plane

any plane parallel to the median plane

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Frontal Plane

bisects the body into front and back sections

<p>bisects the body into front and back sections</p>
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Transverse Plane

bisects the body into top and bottom halves

<p>bisects the body into top and bottom halves</p>
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Center of Gravity

the point where the median, frontal, and transverse planes all intersect

<p>the point where the median, frontal, and transverse planes all intersect</p>
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True or False: The taller someone is, the lower their center of gravity will be.

True

<p>True</p>
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Longitudinal Axis

north-south

<p>north-south</p>
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Horizontal Axis

east-west

<p>east-west</p>
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Antero-Posterior Axis

front-to-back

<p>front-to-back</p>
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Flexion

reduces the angle between two bones at a joint

<p>reduces the angle between two bones at a joint</p>
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Extension

increases the angle between two bones at a joint

<p>increases the angle between two bones at a joint</p>
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Flexion vs Extension

Flexion: reduces the angle between two bones at a joint

Extension: increases the angle between two bones at a joint

<p>Flexion: reduces the angle between two bones at a joint</p><p>Extension: increases the angle between two bones at a joint</p>
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In what plane does flexion-extension movement occur?

sagittal plane

<p>sagittal plane</p>
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Abduction

moving a segment of the body away from the midline of the body

<p>moving a segment of the body away from the midline of the body</p>
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Adduction

moving a segment of the body toward the midline of the body

<p>moving a segment of the body toward the midline of the body</p>
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Abduction vs Adduction

Abduction: moving a segment of the body away from the midline of the body

Adduction: moving a segment of the body toward the midline of the body

<p>Abduction: moving a segment of the body away from the midline of the body</p><p>Adduction: moving a segment of the body toward the midline of the body</p>
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In what plane does abduction-adduction movement occur?

frontal plane

<p>frontal plane</p>
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Circumduction

a cone of movement that does not include rotation

<p>a cone of movement that does not include rotation</p>
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Circumduction occurs when _______-_________ movements are combined with _________-_________ movements.

flexion-extension, adduction-abduction

<p>flexion-extension, adduction-abduction</p>
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Internal (Medial) Rotation

rotation of a limb inwardly or towards the midline of the body

<p>rotation of a limb inwardly or towards the midline of the body</p>
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External (Lateral) Rotation

rotation of a limb outwardly or away from the midline of the body

<p>rotation of a limb outwardly or away from the midline of the body</p>
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Internal (Medial) Rotation vs External (Lateral) Rotation

Internal (Medial) Rotation: rotation of a limb inwardly or towards the midline

External (Lateral) Rotation: rotation of a limb outwardly or away from the midline

<p>Internal (Medial) Rotation: rotation of a limb inwardly or towards the midline</p><p>External (Lateral) Rotation: rotation of a limb outwardly or away from the midline</p>
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In what axis does internal (medial) rotation-external (lateral) rotation occur?

longitudinal axis

<p>longitudinal axis</p>
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Pronation

when the palm is moved and faced posteriorly

<p>when the palm is moved and faced posteriorly</p>
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Supination

when the palm is moved and faced anteriorly

<p>when the palm is moved and faced anteriorly</p>
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Pronation vs Supination

Pronation: when the palm is moved and faced posteriorly

Supination: when the palm is moved and faced anteriorly

<p>Pronation: when the palm is moved and faced posteriorly</p><p>Supination: when the palm is moved and faced anteriorly</p>
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Inversion

when the sole of the foot is turned inward toward the medial line of the body

<p>when the sole of the foot is turned inward toward the medial line of the body</p>
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Eversion

when the sole of the foot is turned outward away from the medial line of the body

<p>when the sole of the foot is turned outward away from the medial line of the body</p>
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Inversion vs Eversion

Inversion: when the sole of the foot is turned inward toward the medial line of the body

Eversion: when the sole of the foot is turned outward away from the medial line of the body

<p>Inversion: when the sole of the foot is turned inward toward the medial line of the body</p><p>Eversion: when the sole of the foot is turned outward away from the medial line of the body</p>
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Dorsiflexion

bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg or shin

<p>bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg or shin</p>
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Plantar Flexion

“planting” the foot or pointing your toes straight down

<p>“planting” the foot or pointing your toes straight down</p>
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Dorsiflexion vs Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion: bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg or shin

Plantar Flexion: “planting” the foot or pointing your toes straight down

<p>Dorsiflexion: bringing the top of the foot toward the lower leg or shin</p><p>Plantar Flexion: “planting” the foot or pointing your toes straight down</p>
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Elevation

a movement in a superior (upwards) motion

<p>a movement in a superior (upwards) motion</p>
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Depression

a movement in an inferior (downwards) motion

<p>a movement in an inferior (downwards) motion</p>
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Elevation vs Depression

Elevation: a movement moving in a superior (upwards) motion

Depression: a movement moving in an inferior (downwards) motion

<p>Elevation: a movement moving in a superior (upwards) motion</p><p>Depression: a movement moving in an inferior (downwards) motion</p>
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Protraction

moving in an anterior (forward) direction

<p>moving in an anterior (forward) direction</p>
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Retraction

moving in a posterior (backwards) direction

<p>moving in a posterior (backwards) direction</p>
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Protraction vs Retraction

Protraction: moving in an anterior (forward) direction

Retraction: moving in a posterior (backwards) direction

<p>Protraction: moving in an anterior (forward) direction</p><p>Retraction: moving in a posterior (backwards) direction</p>
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Opposition

occurs when the thumb meets one of the other fingers

<p>occurs when the thumb meets one of the other fingers</p>
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Reposition

when the thumb is returned to its anatomical position

<p>when the thumb is returned to its anatomical position</p>
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Opposition vs Reposition

Opposition: occurs when the thumb meets one of the other fingers

Reposition: when the thumb is returned to its anatomical position

<p>Opposition: occurs when the thumb meets one of the other fingers</p><p>Reposition: when the thumb is returned to its anatomical position</p>

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