Johnston cold / Korean war (Pt.2 BASED ON STUDY GUIDE)

what is a cold war?

intense tension between two nations with no actual combat

What type of government is the USA?

Capitalist democracy

what conditions were people living under in the USSR?

people could not own private property, express their views freely, or practice whatever religion they wanted

what was a buffer zone?

eastern European states that the USSR had control over to both keep Germany weak and protect the USSR from any western attack

What countries controlled west germany?

US, Great Britan, France

what country controlled east Germany?

USSR

what countries were the satellite states?

East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.

Why did Churchill say and iron curtain descended on Europe?

Stalin refused to leave the satellite states he said he would, and he continued to install harsh soviet government in them

Why was NATO created?

 provide a military alliance to counter Soviet expansion.

( Twelve Western European countries and North American nations agreed to act together to defend each other of one or more countries was attacked by the U.S.S.R.)

How were the communists in china - led by Mao Zedong - able to take over Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist rule? 

Kai-shek was very incompetent and corrupt, and there was a famine in china

Why did the korean war start?

North Koreans armed with soviet supplies invaded south korea. The UN approved for US forced to be sent over

Why did MacArthur attack the city of Inchon on september 15th 1950?

It was far behind enemy lines, the tides were both extremely high and low, it was a major port, it was close to the capital, it was unexpected

What were the short term effects of the korean war on the USA? 

37k US soliders killed
103k wounded
relations w china = bad
US military is integrated

What were the long term effects of the Korean war on the USA?

military spending increases
US military commitments are made worldwide
relations w japan improve
furture presidents send military into combat w out congressional approval

what was brinkmanship?

the idea that only going to the brink of war could prevent soviet aggression against the US

what scared the USA into ramping up space race efforts?

the USSR sent laika the dog to space (she’s so friggin cute)

what does NASA stand for

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

why was NASA created?

to lead space-race efforts

how long did the (second) Red scare last?

1940s - 1950s

What factors made USA ppl scared that communism would take over?

The Soviet annexation of Eastern Europe after WWII, North Korea becoming Communist in 1945 and China in 1949

Why did McCarthy's downfall come? 

he accused the army of being full of communists and the televised court hearings showed the public that he was literally just making shit up

who was the 1960 presidential election between?

Sen. John F. Kennedy and VP Richard M. Nixon

why did kennedy win? 

1) on the first televised debate he looked way sexier (im being so serious) 
2) he was catholic
3) he was the youngest pres to be elected

What defense policy of eisenhower's did kennedy not like? 

the "massive realiation" which said get a bunchhh of nuclear weapons to look big and scary

What was Kennedy's flexible response policy?

he wanted to be prepared for all types of conflicts, he made the green berets and the peace corps

what did the failure at overthrowing castro cause?

it made castro stronger, it turned cubans against the usa and it made kennedy look weak

when was the berlin wall erected?

August 13, 1961

why was the berlin wall built?

The Berlin Wall was erected because too many skilled workers and other East Germans were leaving to the West for democracy

what was the Cuban missile crisis?

americans discovered soviets were building missile bases in cuba

why did the soviets put missiles in cuba?

-protect castro
-the usa put missles in italy and turkey
-easy place to destroy USA cities and panama canal from

who was the Soviet premier?

Nikita Khrushchev

how long did the Cuban missile crisis last?

13 days ( 6 days where nuclear war seemed v possible)

how was the Cuban missile crisis resolved?

 the U.S. agreed to remove the missiles from Italy and Turkey if the Soviets would not place missiles in Cuba.