Nursing Of Adults Unit 1 Study Guide

drink 2 L of water per day; avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol

drink 2 L of water per day; avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol

What education would you provide an elderly patient to help prevent dehydration?

anything to do with flexibility and balance while being low impact and adaptable to different mobility levels; walking; stretching; sit to stand; squats; resistance band

What are various exercises that will help elderly patients stay in their homes longer?

• self exams, sun protection

• ask about personal or family history

• recent changes in size, color, or sensation of birthmark, mole, wart, or scar

• geographic locations

• occupational and recreational activities

• exposure to carcinogens

• ABCDE method

What patient education would you provide a patient regarding assessing for skin cancer?

avoid triggers; practice skin care; healthy lifestyle; limited sunlight; medication information

What patient education would you provide a patient with psoriasis?

increased risk of infection; impaired vaccine response; microbiome changes; slower responses

What are the nursing implications related to age-related changes in immunity?

avoid allergy inducers; medical alert bracelet; epi pen; action plan; tell friends and family

What education would you provide a person diagnosed with an allergy that could result in
an anaphylactic reaction?

• active- body is responding with own antibodies

• passive- body not actively responding; gets antibodies from somewhere else

Explain the difference between active and passive immunity

• acquired- developed through exposure

• innate- what we are born with

Explain the difference between acquired and innate immunity

avoid infection; wash hands; hygiene; know about sun sensitivity; immunosepresent drugs (corticosteroids); healthy; avoid stress

What education would you provide a patient diagnosed with SLE?

long pants, sleeves, white (to see ticks); check for ticks; insect repelant; avoid tick high areas

What are some precautions to prevent Lyme disease?

clear airway; O2; fluids; intubate; epinepherine;

What are your priority treatments for angioedema?

clear airway; O2; fluids; intubate; epinepherine; rapid response

What are priority treatments for Anaphylaxis shock?

• IgA- secretory; mucosal immunity; prevents infection in GI tract and upper/lower resp tract

• IgD- B cell antigen receptor

• IgE- allergic reactions; parasites

• IgG- largest amount and most important; long term immunity; enhances neutrophil and macrophage actions

• IgM- early onset; agglutination and precipitation (10 binding sites); complement pathway

Differentiate between IgG, IgM, IgD, IgM, IgA

Antibiotics

medications that treat and prevent bacterial infections by killing bacteria or stopping their growth; bacterial

antiviral

that treat viral infections and help the body fight off viruses; can be preventative

Corticosteroid topical treatment

type of steroid medication applied to the skin to treat inflammation and irritation

Epinephrine

treats severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) or sudden asthma attacks; can also treat low blood pressure and slow heart rate

Diphenhydramine

antihistamine used to treat red, irritated, itchy, watery eyes; sneezing; and runny nose caused by hay fever, allergies, or the common cold (benadryl)

Prednisone

steroid that treats many diseases and conditions, especially those associated with inflammation

Acetaminophen

analgesic that treats minor aches and pains, and reduces fever

IV medication administration

injecting drugs directly into the systemic venous circulation; effective and rapid method to achieve adequate analgesic concentrations in the systemic circulation

Creatinine

indicates how well the kidneys are functioning

• if high- kidney damage or failure

ALT/AST

liver enzymes that are often measured together as part of a liver function test

• if high- liver damage

Albumin

protein made by liver; main indicator of good nutrition

BUN

measures how much urea nitrogen is in your blood

• high BUN- kidney disease

WBC

white blood cell count

• high- sign of infection

Hbg and Hct

blood tests that measure different aspects of red blood cells and are used to diagnose a variety of conditions

• low- anemia