ADV BIOLOGY (4.5)-BEARDEN EOC Review Packet Key

Flashcards covering Biochemistry, Cells, Homeostasis, Evolution & Classification, and Cellular Energy.

What is the monomer of a protein?

Amino acid

What is a function of proteins?

Cell transport

Give an example of a protein.

Enzymes

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Nucleotide

What are the functions of nucleic acids?

Store and transmit genetic information

Give examples of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

What are the elements in nucleic acids?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

What are the monomers of lipids?

Fatty acids and glycerol

What is the function of Lipids?

Long term energy storage

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharide

What is the function of Carbohydrates?

Short term energy

Give an example of a carbohydrate.

Sugars

What is an enzyme?

Biological catalyst that speeds up reaction & reduces activation energy.

What is activation energy?

Energy required to start a reaction

What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured?

Change shape of enzyme, prevents it from functioning

What can cause an enzyme to denature?

Heat and changes in pH

Define Homeostasis

Balance

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Cell is basic unit of life, all cells come from cells, all living things are made of cells

List characteristics of Prokaryotic cells

Unicellular, simple, no organelles, circular DNA

List characteristics of Eukaryotic cells

Multicellular, complex, organelles, linear DNA

What is the function of the nucleus?

Brain, contains DNA

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Creates ATP (energy)

What is the function of the Chloroplast

Photosynthesis

What is the function of the vacuole?

Storage

What is the function of the ribosome?

Build proteins

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

What is the function of the cell wall?

Structure

What are the characteristics of plant cells?

Has chloroplast and a cell wall

What is a concentration gradient?

Movement from high to low concentration

What is active transport?

Requires energy, movement from low to high concentration

What is passive transport?

Requires NO energy, Moves with concentration gradient (high to low)

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Water leaves the cell

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Water enters the cell

What happens to a cell in an isotonic solution?

Balanced movement of water

What are the 4 principles of natural selection?

Overproduction, variation, adaptation, descent with modification

What are the taxonomic categories?

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

What is genetic drift?

Change in gene pop. due to random chance

What is gene flow?

Movement of genes into or out of a population

What is non-random mating?

Mating selection is influenced by phenotypic characteristics

What are mutations?

Changes in gene frequencies that can lead to phenotypic changes

What is gradualism?

Evidence of gradual Change over time

What is punctuated equilibrium?

Only Snapshots of change over time

What is extinction?

Species no longer exists

What is convergent evolution?

Two different Species evolve + adapt in similar ways

What is divergent evolution?

When 2 species wolve diffently

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

Create glucose (food) from sunlight + water

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

CO2, sunlight, H2O

What are the products of photosynthesis?

O2, Sugar (glucose)

Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast

What type of cells perform photosynthesis?

Plant cells

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Break down sugar (glucose) to release ATP (energy)

What are the reactants in cellular respiration?

O2, sugar

What are the products of cellular respiration?

CO2, water, ATP

Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?

Mitochondria

What type of cells perform cellular respiration?

Animal and plant cells