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MCQ review for AP World History-Modern Unit 3 Land Based Empires
The conduct of the siege as described in the passage could best be used to explain which of the following processes in the period 1450–1750 ?
A
The transmission of new weapons along trade networks
B
The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states
C
The use of new weapons to establish trading-post empires
D
The development of new processes of manufacturing to create new weapons
Answer: B
The use of new weapons by expanding imperial states
The Ottoman Empire was an expanding imperial state and was using gunpowder weapons to capture Constantinople and destroy the Byzantine Empire. Gunpowder weapons were only used in warfare on a large scale beginning in the fourteenth century.
The type of warfare described in the passage most directly helps to explain which of the following sixteenth-century developments?
A
The growing political influence of religious scholars at the Ottoman court
B
The granting of substantial religious and legal autonomy to Christian subjects in the Ottoman Empire
C
The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East
D
The decline of the importance of the Janissaries in the Ottoman army
Answer: C
The intensification of political rivalries between the Ottoman Empire and neighboring states in Europe and the Middle East
Gunpowder weapons helped increase the substantial military power of Ottoman armies and allowed them to conquer most of southern Europe and much of the Middle East in the sixteenth century. The Ottomans’ growing power alarmed European powers and the Safavid Empire in Iran during the sixteenth century, both of which sought to build their military arsenals to resist the Ottomans.
The type of weaponry used in the siege, as described in the passage, could also help to explain the expansion of all of the following states in the period 1450–1750 EXCEPT the…
A
Aztec (Mexica) Empire
B
Safavid Empire
C
Mughal Empire
D
Qing dynasty
Answer: A
Aztec (Mexica) Empire
While the Aztec (Mexica) Empire did expand its territory through conquest in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, it did not use gunpowder weapons during its conquests.
The relationship between levels of military personnel and state revenues as shown in the table is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments in the period 1450–1750 ?
A
As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue.
B
As agricultural technology became more advanced, less people were needed to farm and more people were able to be enrolled in state militaries.
C
As commercial profits and urbanization increased, states were able to obtain more revenue.
D
As states expanded their territories, they were able to acquire access to more natural resources.
Answer: A
As military forces expanded and became more professionalized, states were forced to develop new ways to generate revenue.
The trends in military personnel and state revenue shown in the table are best understood in the context of which of the following changes in the relationship between states and local elites in the period 1450–1750 ?
Responses
A
States often relied on local elites to supervise provincial administration.
B
Local elites began looking to the state to provide titles that demonstrated their legitimacy.
C
States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites.
D
Local elites began to command their own military forces.
Answer: C
States increasingly centralized their authority at the expense of local elites.
While local elites still retained significant power, states’ abilities to maintain standing armies and acquire larger and larger amounts of revenue allowed states to centralize their authority and reduce the power of local elites.
Which of the following developments in the period 1450–1750 is best understood as a response to the trends shown in the table?
Responses
A
The creation of divine-right theories of monarchy
B
The creation of larger state bureaucracies
C
The emergence of tribute collection as a form of taxation
D
The emergence of banking systems
Answer: B
The creation of larger state bureaucracies
Because states developed standing armies and had more revenue coming in to their respective treasuries, they needed more bureaucrats to manage the larger armies and revenues.
A historian would most likely interpret the rhetoric in the passage as evidence that rulers of imperial states in the period circa 1450–1750 continued to
A
use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies
B
prefer to resolve interstate conflicts through warfare rather than through diplomatic means
C
patronize religious establishments and preside over religious ceremonies
D
seek to unite forces to prevent the spread of secular ideas
Answer: A
use religious ideas to highlight their political legitimacy and attack the legitimacy of their enemies
Sultan Selim’s rhetoric in the passage presents a sharp contrast between the idealized and honorific terms in which Selim refers to himself and his realm and the disparaging and belittling terms that Selim uses to describe his political enemy, the shah of Safavid Persia.
Based on the purpose of the letter, Selim’s description of the followers of Shah Ismail I as a “heretical faction” can best be interpreted as a commentary of the Safavid Empire’s
A
military strength
B
adherence to Shi‘a Islam
C
Turkic origins
D
use of the Persian language
Answer: B
adherence to Shi‘a Islam
The Safavid rulers adopted Shi‘a Islam, which set them apart from the Sunni rulers of the Ottoman Empire. This religious rivalry would be the best explanation for Selim’s use of the derogatory term “heretical” to describe the Safavid followers.
Which of the following aspects of the international situation in early sixteenth-century southwest Asia is most relevant to understanding Sultan Selim’s letter?
A
The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.
B
Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires developed extensive trade connections with European states and states in the Indian Ocean region.
C
Both the Ottoman and Safavid empires made use of gunpowder weapons in the course of their territorial expansion.
D
The Ottoman and Safavid empires brought a high degree of centralization to parts of southwest Asia that had been politically fragmented before.
Answer: A
The Ottoman and Safavid empires fought numerous wars for control over Iraq, Syria, and other regions of the Middle East.
The Safavids and the Sunni Ottoman Turks fought several wars over control of various parts of the Middle East during the sixteenth century, and each side employed rhetoric and propaganda characterizing the other as religious heretics.
Note 
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