philosphy

what is philosophy

Scientia Rerum Per Ultima CAUSA (knowing something in its basic point of view)

Sine qua non

That without it, something wouldn't be what it is (e.g., a car is not a car if it doesn't move).

What are the different types of areas in philosophy. The 1st Areas of Philosophy is

Pre-Socratics(thales,Anaimander)

2nd area in philosophy

Classical Era(Arsitole, socrates)

3 area in philosophy

Scholastic Era/medieval era (St. Thomas ,St. Augustine)

4 area in philosophy

Modern Era(immanuel Kant, David hume)

5 area in philosophy

19th Century period/illusion period ( karl marx, georg hegel)

6th area in philosophy

Contemporary Period (John rawls , Russell)

The ultimate cause of reality of thales

Water

The ultimate cause of reality of Anaximander

Apeiron (The Boundless).

The ultimate cause of reality of Pythagoras

Numbers and everything made out of codes

The ultimate cause of reality of Leucippus

Founder of atomic theory (everything made out of atoms).

The ultimate cause of reality of Democritus

Atomic theory. (These both said the atom thing like leuippus)

The ultimate cause of reality of Empedocles

4 Elements (Water, Air, Earth, Fire).

The ultimate cause of reality of Heraclitus

Motion is the ultimate cause of reality

The ultimate cause of reality of Parmenides

disagreed to Heraclitus, and said motion is an allusion

The ultimate cause of reality of Parmenides Zeno

he agreed with Parmenides and his proof was Zeno paradox

Socrates (classical era) is what?

First philosopher of the classical period.

what is Socrates

Known for asking questions about virtue, life, origin of humans, and the existence of God.

what did Socrates focus on?

justice and virtue.

He developed what method?

Socratic method

what 2 charges were put against Socrates

Corruption of the youth.

Blasphemy (did not recognize the gods of Athens).

Who were the 3 men who put charges against Socrates?

Meletus,Anytus, Lycon

Was Socrates idealism or a realism

He was an idealist

What was Socrates aphorism

an unexamined life is not worth living

How did Socrates die?

drank poison

Why did Plato change his mind about becoming a leader?

The Peloponnesian War and the Rule of 30 tyrants

4 chiefs' virtues according to Plato

prudence to wisdom, courage to bravery, Temprance to moderation, justice to fairness

Justice in society according to Plato

For a community to be just, prudence has to be in the leader, courage in their army, Temprance in the people then justice

Justice in the induvial according to Plato

If an individual wants to be just they must have "prudence in the head" "courage in the heart" "temperance in the stomach" then justice is filled

Plato's theory in knowledge(epistemology)

Believed in 2 worlds:

World of Ideas: Perfect knowledge, where we once lived before birth.

World of Sense: Imperfect knowledge, the world we live in now.

What was Plattos Knowlege with absolute conviction

Real knowledge

what was the name of the school Plato formed and the name of the man he bought the land from

His school's name was Academy, and he bought the land from Academics

Ensia Non Multiplicanda Sunt Sine Necessitate

Entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity

Aristotle was the best student of who?

Plato

Where was Aristotle born?

Born in Stavro, Greece.

Aristotle was what to Alexander The Great?

Son of a physician, later became advisor to Alexander the Great.

What is the school's name that Aristotle founded?

Founded the Lyceum

What 4 causes did Aristotle believe in?

Material Cause: What something is made of.(wood)

Formal Cause: The shape of something.(The shape of chair)

Efficient Cause: The agent that brings something into being. (A compartner who made the chair)

Final Cause: The purpose or goal of something.(you sit on the chair)

What is teleology

Everything has a purpose or goal.

What is virtue according to Aristotle

A mean between two extremes; always in the middle.

What is justice according to Aristotle

Defined as giving everyone their due.

All men by nature are desired to know what

humans naturally seek knowledge and understanding.

what is Potency and Act according to Aristotle

Potency is the potential to become something (e.g., a seed can become a tree).

Act is when that potential is realized (e.g., the seed actually becomes a tree).

What does "Nihil Intellectu Quod Non Fuerit in Sensu" mean

Nothing is in the intellect that was not first in the senses."

This means we learn through our senses first (seeing, hearing, touching, etc.) before we can understand things with our minds.