Pathophysiology 2, blood cells

Bone marrow

in the center - macrophage, around - different forms of RBC

Bone marrow

a - proerythroblast (?), b - basophilic erytroblast, c - polychromatic erytroblast, d - acidophilic erytroblast

Bone marrow

erytroblastic island

proerythroblast

• 15-20 μm

• round or oval, dark blue cytoplasm, perinuclear

  hallo

• large nucleus, fine network structure,

  chromatin becomes dense with haemoglobin synthesis progression

• 5 visible nucleoli

Bone marrow

proerythroblast

Bone marrow

proerytroblast

basophilic normoblast (erythroblast)

• 8-16 μm

• round to oval, grey-bluish cytoplasm

• hemoglobin synthesis – cytoplasm blue

• round nucleus, denser chromatine

• no visible nucleoli

Bone marrow

1 - basophilic normoblast, 2 - polychromatic normoblast

Bone marrow

basophilic normoblast (erytroblast)

Polychromatic erythroblast (normoblast)

• 8-12 μm

• round to oval, polychromatic greyish blue cytoplasm

• round nucleus, granular, central or eccentric with dark patches of chromatin, without nucleoli

Bone marrow

E - polychromatic normoblast, L - acidophilic normoblast

Acidophilic erythroblast (orthocromatic normoblast)

• 8-12 μm

• round to oval, pink cytoplasm, round or oval nucleus

• denser, homogenous, dark blue chromatine

• picnotic and excentric nucleus, smaller

• changed nucleus is expelled from the cell

cell and description

reticulocyte (polychromatophils)

• blue pink cytoplasm, no nucleus (remnants)

• briliant cresil blue - reticular structure

• number increases during bleeding, hemolysis

  and succesfull therapies of anemias

reiculocytes

reticulocytes

cell, description

erythrocyte

• flexibile, biconcave, discoid cell with

  peripherially located hemoglobine and central pale area

• red cytoplasm

Bone marrow

proerythroblast

Bone marrow

basophilic normoblast

Bone marrow

polychromatic normoblast

Bone marrow

Orthochromatic normoblast

reticulocyte

erythrocyte

Bone marrow

acidophilic erythroblast

blood;

cell, sp

neutrophils (sgmented)

• produced in BM, destroyed by macrophages

• 1st type of Le recruited in inflammation exudate

• can’t divide

• role: kill microbes. eliminate foreign material, phagocyte, secrete content of granules into exudate

myeloblast

promyelocyte

myelocyte

metamyelocyte

band cell

segmented neutrophil

eosinophils (equine)

cell, sp

basophils (feline)

lymphoblast

Lymphocyte (feline)

myeloblast

promyelocyte

myelocyte

metamyelocyte

band

segmented

cell and desciption

myeloblast

• 12-20 μm

• round to oval

• basophilic cytoplasm, darker at corner

• big nucleus with reticular chromatine and visible

  nucleoli (2-5)

cell, description

promyelocyte

• 20-25 microm

• round to oval

• Cytoplasm blue, darker around corners with

  primary azurophil (red) and secondary brownish granules

• round to oval nucleus sub centrally, indented

promyelocyte

cell, description

myelocyte

• 11-20 μm

• Round to oval, cytoplasm is pale, basophilic in younger,

  acidophilic in mature cells

• Secondary, specific granules - neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic myelocyte

• Round nucleus, excentric

1 - metamyelocyte, 2 - myeloblast

cell, desctiprion

metamyelocyte

• 12-18 μm

• Round to oval, divisions stop

• Pink cytoplasm with granules

• Kidney shaped nucleus, excentric, no visible

  nucleoli

metamyelocyte

cell, description

band cells

• similar to mature, nucleus in form of C or S letter

• chromatin has “leopard-skin” appearance

1 - promyelocyte

2 - neutrophilic myelocyte

3 - metamyelocyte

4 - band cell

cell, sp

neutrophils

1 - canine, 2 - feline, 3 - equine, 4 - bovine, 5 - band neutrophil

canine eosinophil

cell, sp

feline eosinophils

equine eosinophil

bovine eosinophils

Greyhound eosinophil

basophils (no specifity between species)

cell, description

Monoblast

• Round to oval, blue or grey cytoplasm,

• big indented nucleus with 1-2 nucleoli, heart-shaped

cell, description

Promonocyte

• Round to oval, light blue cytoplasm with big

  indented or serrated nucleus and nucleolus

promonocyte, canine

promonocyte, feline

cell, specie

promonocyte, equine

promonocyte, bovine

1 - prolymphocyte

2 - lymphoblast

up - could be band cell

down - lymphocyte

cell, sp

canine lymphocyte

feline lymphocyte

equine lymphocyte

bovine lymphocyte

reactive lymphocyte

granular lymphocyte

promyelocyte (due to granules)

promyelocyte

myelocyte

1 - band cell or metamyelocyte (immature)

2 - mature monocyte

1 - band cell, 2 - metamyelocyte

mature neutrophil

band cell

metamyelocyte

myelocyte

eosinophils (dog)

basophils (dog)

monocyte

top cell - intermediate reactive lymphocyte, arrow - monocyte (dog)

lymphocyte (dog)

lymphocytes (dog, reactive)

describe

1. feathered area - cells are flattened and distorted, red cell lose central parlor

2. monolayer are - cells are in one layer (erythrocytes close to each other but do not overlap),

   suitable for differential counting and morphology

3. body area - Too thick part of blood smear for morphology assessment and differential counting

name the area

body area

name the area

monolayer

name the area

feathered area

name the spiece

dog

name the spiece

dog

name the spiece

bovine

name the spiece

equine

name the spiece and type of cells

equine

A: Neutrophil; B: Small lymphocyte (mildly reactive - bluer cytoplasm than normal), C: Eosinophil; D: Monocyte; E: Basophil; F: Platelets and red blood cells.

name the spiece

feline

regenerative left shift

Total number of leukocytes is increased, mature cells are

dominant

degenerative left shift

Total number of leukocytes is normal or decreased, Immature cells are dominant

right shift (nuclear hypersegmentation)

5 or more segments

• aging, EDTA exposition, glucocorticoids therapy, hyperadrenocorticism, chornic inflam

hypersegmentation

toxic nph

• severe inflam, toxemia, c/p basophilia, foamy vacuoals, Dohle’s bodies (1/>more, bs, irregular)