BACTERIOLOGY - listeria to nocardia

Listeria monocytogenes

Poses the threat of stillbirth or serious damage to the fetus if it infects a pregnant womentes

• Get from: Dairy product, homemade food

Listeria monocytogenes

• Only G(+) with endotoxin

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Cause of a common form of mild pneumonia

• Can be grown on artificial media that provides then with sterols

• Have a characteristic “fried egg” appearance under magnification

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

walking pneumonia”

• resistant to Pen, Ceph & Vancomycin

• AKA Eaton agent

• Causes primary atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia

• Detected using COLD AGGLUTININS

• Requires Mycoplasma or PPLO culture medium

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

• smallest bacteria, plastic, pleomorphic shape

Ureaplasma urealyticum

CONVERT: Urea to AMMONIA

Mycobacterium

Actinobacteria

• Aerobic, non-endospore-forming rods

• Have distinctive cell wall, structurally similar to gram-negative bacteria 

mycolic acid

Mycobacterium outermost layer is composed of

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Slender, slightly curved rod

• Has mycolic acid in cell wall

• Acid fast bacillus

• Produces niacin and heat sensitive catalase

• Produces cord factor and sulfatides

• Cord factor – responsible for parallel growth and granuloma formation

• Sulfatides – promotes intracellular survival

• Skin testing with PPD: Mantoux test

DAPSONE 

• Clofazimine

Mycobacterium tuberculosis DOC

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Can be cultured in ??

Mantoux test

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Skin testing with PPD ??

Mycobacterium leprae

• Hansen’s bacilli

Dx: Histopathology

• Typical acid-fast bacilli, arranged in singly, parallel bundles or in globular masses.

• Not grown in non-living bacteriologic media.

• Characteristic lesions are grown in laboratory animals.

• Eg. Foot pads of nude mice and Armadillos

Leonine facies

form of lepromatous leprae that resembles lion face ØIncubation period is months to years

Lepromin test

• (+) tuberculoid,

• (-) lepromatous

Mycobacterium leprae

• determine the type of leprosy 

  • (+)??

  • (-) ??

club-shaped

Actinobacteria: Corynebacterium

• “Coryne” means

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

• Causative agent of diphtheria

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Causes

• bull-neck diphtheria

Propionibacterium

Actinobacteria

• Name is derived from the ability to form propionic acid (now known as Cutibacterium)

• Some are important in the fermentation of Swiss cheese

Propionibacterium acnes

Found on human skin and the primary bacterial cause of acne

Gardnerella vaginalis

Actinobacteria

• Cause one of the most common forms of vaginitis

• Highly pleomorphic

• Gram-variable

Streptomyces

Actinobacteria

• One of the bacteria most commonly isolated from soil

• Produce reproductive asexual spores, formed at the ends of aerial filaments

• Strict aerobes

• Produce most of our antibiotics

Actinomyces

Actinobacteria

• Facultative anaerobes that are found in the mouth and throat of humans and animals

• Occasionally, form filaments called hyphae

Actinomyces israelii

• Causes actinomycosis,

• a tissue-destroying disease usually affecting the head, neck, or lungs

Actinomyces israelii

• Yellow sulfur granular microcolonies

Nocardia Asteroides

• Causes a chronic, difficult-to-treat pulmonary infection

• One of the causative agent of MYCETOMA