NUR140 Exam 2 Study Guide Topics: Stress & Coping, Self-Concept, Hygiene, Comfort, Rest & Sleep, Sensory Perception (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from Stress & Coping, Self-Concept, Hygiene, Comfort, Rest & Sleep, and Sensory Perception topics.

Stress

A response to changes (real or perceived).

Acute stress

Immediate, short-term stress reaction to a stressor.

Episodic stress

Recurrent bouts of stress due to ongoing patterns or demands.

Chronic stress

Persistent, long-term stress that can affect health.

PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder following exposure to a traumatic event.

ASD

Acute stress disorder with symptoms soon after trauma.

Fight or Flight

Physiologic response: ↑HR, ↑BP, ↑BG, pupil and bronchial dilation.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Alarm → Resistance → Exhaustion stages of the stress response.

Cortisol

Stress hormone; ↓ inflammation short-term, ↑ risk of chronic disease long-term.

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious strategies to protect self from distress.

Denial

Refusing to accept reality or facts.

Projection

Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to others.

Repression

Pushing distressing thoughts out of conscious awareness.

Regression

Returning to earlier behaviors under stress.

Compartmentalization

Separating conflicting thoughts/experiences to avoid integration.

Healthy coping strategies

Adaptive methods (exercise, diet, sleep, journaling, relaxation, support) to manage stress.

Self-concept

Overall perception of self, including self-image, self-esteem, and ideal self (Rogers).

Self-image

How one views oneself (appearance, abilities, role in life).

Self-esteem

Global sense of self-worth or value.

Ideal self

The person one strives to become; part of Rogers' theory.

Erikson’s stages: Trust vs Mistrust

Infants; forming trust with caregiver or developing mistrust.

Erikson’s stages: Industry

School-age; sense of competence through work and achievement.

Erikson’s stages: Identity

Adolescence; development of personal identity.

Erikson’s stages: Integrity

Older adults; sense of coherence and acceptance of life.

Bathing principles

Clean to dirty; preserve privacy; maintain temperature and safety.

Complete bathing

Full-body bathing in one session.

Partial bathing

Bathing part of the body; focuses on hygiene of specific areas.

Therapeutic bathing

Bathing used for treatment or comfort (special conditions).

CHG bathing

Chlorhexidine gluconate bath; antimicrobial cleansing to reduce infection risk.

Oral care

Mouth care: brush 2x/day, floss, denture care; unconscious clients require head turned to the side during care.

Nail & Foot Care

Straight cuts; avoid cutting corners; no lotion between toes; inspect nails.

Eye/Ear care

Eye care: inner canthus to outer, use washcloth only, no swabs; Ear care involves gentle cleaning without inserting objects.

Bedmaking, perineal care, scalp/hair care, linen handling

Proper techniques to maintain hygiene and prevent infection.

Older adults (hygiene considerations)

Fall risk, dry skin, and need for assistance and safety planning.

Bariatric hygiene considerations

Deep skin folds require careful cleaning to prevent fungal infections.

Dementia bathing resistance

Resistance to bathing; approach may require patience and patient-centered care.

Nursing hygiene special populations summary

Combination of age-related, condition-related, and situational considerations for bathing and hygiene.

Sleep Cycle

Sequence of NREM sleep (stages 1–3) plus REM sleep throughout the night.

NREM sleep

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; stages 1–3, with Stage 3 deepest sleep and tissue repair.

REM sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep; dreaming, increased brain activity, muscle atonia.

Circadian Rhythm

24-hour internal clock that aligns with light exposure.

Recommended sleep by age

Infants: 12–15 hrs; Teens: 8–10 hrs; Adults: 7–9 hrs.

Insomnia

Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep.

OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

Obstruction of the airway during sleep causing interrupted breathing.

Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleepiness with sudden sleep attacks.

Hypersomnia

Chronic excessive sleepiness or prolonged nighttime sleep.

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

Uncomfortable leg sensations and urge to move legs, worse at rest.

Benzos (Benzodiazepines)

Sedative-hypnotic drugs (e.g., -pam endings) used for anxiety and sleep; caution with dependence.

Melatonin

Hormone supplement used to regulate sleep-wake cycle.

Antihistamines

Allergy medications with sedative effects used to aid sleep.

Sleep hygiene

Nonpharmacologic practices to improve sleep (consistent schedule, comfortable environment, limit caffeine, etc.).

Meditation

Mindfulness or focused attention practice to reduce arousal and improve sleep.

Massage

Therapeutic touch to promote relaxation and sleep.

Cataracts

Clouding of the eye lens leading to blurred vision.

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure risking optic nerve damage and vision loss.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes-related damage to retinal vessels causing vision impairment.

Macular Degeneration

Degeneration of the macula causing loss of central vision.

Sensorineural hearing loss

Hearing loss from inner ear or auditory nerve problems.

Conductive hearing loss

Hearing loss due to outer or middle ear problems that impede sound conduction.

Presbycusis

Age-related progressive sensorineural hearing loss.

Face the client

Position yourself to face the client when communicating for better interaction.

Reduce background noise

Minimize ambient sounds to improve hearing and communication.

Hearing aids

Amplification devices worn in or behind the ear to improve hearing; ensure proper function.

Peripheral neuropathy

Nerve damage (often in diabetes) causing tingling, pain, or numbness in extremities.

Diabetes mellitus peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic nerve damage leading to sensory and motor changes.

Loss of taste or smell

Diminished gustatory/olfactory function; safety and nutritional concerns.

Safety concerns with loss of taste/smell

Impaired detection of spoiled food, smoke, or leaks increasing risk.