Chapter 13: Campaigns, Elections, and Voting

Local, state, and ________ determine when elections are held.

federal laws

Voting behavior is influenced by various models, including ________ voting, retrospective voting, prospective voting, and party- line voting.

rational choice

________ was able to create a new coalition of southerners, African Americans, the poor, Catholics and Jews, labor union members, and urban dwellers during the Great Depression.

Franklin D Roosevelt

________ has made politicians and candidates more accessible and accountable to voters, particularly young people.

Social media

________: voters choose from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents.

General elections

________ is higher if the election is perceived as important, and higher in presidential elections than in off- year elections.

Voter turnout

only voters registered with the party may vote for the candidate

Closed primary

voters may vote for candidates of either party, regardless of their own affiliation

Open primary

voters may vote for candidates of either party for different offices

Blanket primary

held when no candidate receives a majority of votes

Runoff primary

voters choose from among all the candidates nominated by political parties or running as independents

General elections

held to decide on an issue before a primary or general election, such as to fill a vacancy in the Senate

Special elections

These occur when the minority party wins with the support of majority-party members, independents, and new voters, but the long-term party preferences of voters remain unchanged

Deviating elections

These indicate sharp changes in existing patterns of party loyalty due to changing social and economic conditions

Critical elections

These occur when the minority party wins by building a new coalition of voters that continues over successive elections

Realigning elections

These occur when party loyalty becomes less important to voters, as may be seen with the increase in independents and split-ticket voting

Dealigning elections