Mass Media Final

When was the first copyright act passed?

1790

Journalistic model that promotes fact-gathering and expertise and views objectivity as the ideal for news practice 

Journalism of verification

Which two companies in the top 10 global brands are Chinese companies?

Tencent and Alibaba

What examines the interconnections among economic interests, political power, and how that power is used?

Political economy studies

Radio and television replaced what as the dominant form of communication and allowed news stories to be communicated much faster?

Newspapers

According to the Code of Ethics, what is NOT an example of a journalist having a Conflict of Interest

Avoiding political and other outside activities that may compromise integrity or impartiality.

what is copyright? 

it legally protects the rights of authors and producers to their published or unpublished writing music, lyrics, TV programs, movies, graphic art, etc.

Cultural studies focus on...

The complex relationship among media texts, the people who consume them, the institutions that produce them, the technologies used to create and distribute them, and the culture within which all other factors exist.

Who developed the social learning theory as a four-step process?

Albert Bandura

What are the 3 main ways media companies generate revenue from products?

Direct payment from consumers, subscription, advertisements

What refers to the strategy in which a corporation owns companies involved in a wide array of media businesses?

Horizontal Integration

What became a major early focus of mass media research?

Propaganda Analysis

What is a survey research used for?

Collecting and measuring data from a group of respondents

What was the case in 1931 that stopped newspapers from publishing "scandalous and defamatory" material about police and law officials? 

Near v. Minnesota 

When was Fox News founded?

1996

What are pseudo-polls?

Polls that news used to address a question of the day

Public domain gives the public ______ _________ to an author or publishers works.

Free Access

What is the hypodermic-needle model also known as? 

magic bullet theory

What is the difference between Selective Exposure and Selective Retention?

Selective Exposure is when audiences seek messages that align with prior values and beliefs. Selective Retention is when audiences remember messages that align with prior values and beliefs.

The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution includes what?

Freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly

Which of these is not included in Media effects studies?

Violation of freedoms

Why weren't movies given the same First Amendment rights as other forms of media until 1952?

The idea of movies didn't exist when the First Amendment was ratified.

The current legal definition of obscenity derives from the 1973 ______________ case

Miller v. California

What does MPAA stand for?

Motion Picture Association of America

What is Hegemony 

Hegemony is established when most of the public accepts or buys into a way of thinking about how the world works that favors the dominant class

What is a rise in its place that's a new era of partisan news?

Journalism of Assertion

True or False? 

Journalism is an essential element of democracy. 

True 

After Walt Disneys death in 1966, who led the new management team in 1984?

Michael Eisner

What is the difference between monopoly and oligopoly?  

Monopoly is when one company dominates production and distribution, while oligopoly is when a few firms dominate an industry.

What digital media conglomerate expanded from just an online e-commerce marketplace to eventually producing their own films and TV shows?

Amazon

What is small town pastoralism? 

Is favoring the small over the large and the rule over the urban

What are the 5 steps of the media literacy and the critical process?

Description, analysis, interpretation, evaluation, engagement 

What kind of research attempts to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media on individuals and society?

Media Effects

Which is a criteria for determining newsworthiness?

Prominence, Conflict, Proximity, Timeliness

What are Arthur C. Clarke's Three Laws? 

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic, The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible, When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right

What case overturned banning a film on the grounds that censoring it constituted illegal prior restraint under the First Amendment?

The Miracle Case

What was the goal of the Sedition Act (1798)?

Intended to silence opposition to an anticipated war with France

What is the 6th Amendment?

Guarantees an accused individual in all criminal prosecutions the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

When was the Freedom of the press added by the Bill of Rights 

1791

What is the primary focus of cultural studies in media research?

Examining how people use cultural symbols to make meaning and arrange experiences

Who argued that communication is a cultural ritual?

James Carey

Slander refers to _____.

Spoken language that defames a person’s character.

What year was HBO Max launched?

2020

Which of the following theories argues that media set the agenda for major topics of discussion?

Agenda-setting

Which is an example of herd journalism.

Reporters in herds exploiting people's personal problems, reporters stake out a house, reporters chase celebrities in packs, reporters follow a story in herds that the entire profession comes under attack for invading people's privacy

Based on tightly controlled experiments and surveys, researchers argued that people generally engage in ______ and _______ with regard to the media ?

selective exposure and selective retention

What started as a Radio Corporation then gradually expanded to TV, cable systems and channels, mobile phone network, film studios, and amusement parks?

NBC

When did Congress adopt the Bill of Rights?

1791

Which research method is typically used to test whether a hypothesis is true in media effects research?

Experiments

What does SPJ?

Society of Professional Journalism

Which of the following correctly matches the three media industry structures?

Monopoly, Oligopoly, Limited Competition

What are all social media algorithms based off? 

ranking signals, machine learning

The kind of research that seeks to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media on individuals and society is called _____.

Media effects research

Selective exposure to the media refers to ____.

Individuals exposing themselves to media messages that are most familiar to them, and retaining the messages that confirm the values and attitudes they already hold.

What is the topic of political economy studies?

A focus on the production of popular culture and the forces behind it 

True or False? Random Assignment means that each subject has an equal chance of being selected in an experiment.

true

Which of the following is an example of early media research methods 

Propaganda analysis 

What three things does scientific method rely on?

Objectivity, Reliability, Validity

Early media research methods include

Marketing Research, Social Psychology Studies, Public opinion research, Propaganda analysis

How to correctly identify fake news

Description and analysis

If a court issues a gag order, what does this mean?

The court prohibits the press to release information that might prejudice jury selection or cause an unfair trial

Which Hollywood movie studio planned to release all 17 of its 2021 films on HBO Max?

Warner Bros.

What is Aristotle's golden mean?

a desirable middle ground between extreme positions, usually with one regarded as deficient and the other as excessive

What is the name of the 4-step process that includes Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, and Motivation?

Learning Theory

Which act outlawed monopoly practices and corporate trusts that often-fixed prices to force competitors out of business

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act

What ways does the news help the public?

Prominent people, Cultural trends, Political issue, Make sense of important events

What is newsworthiness?

information most worthy of transformation into news stories that has evolved.

Define Libel

Libel: defamation of character in written or broadcast form

Why was the show 13 Reasons Why so important in media today?

It provided important social issues in todays society with teenagers and young adults

True or False journalism protected by the US Constitution?

True

Which conventional model of expression is when the government controls the press?

Communist or state model

Who opened prototype of first ad agency in 1841?

Volney Palmer

The process of gathering information and making narrative reports-edited by journalists-that offer selected frames of reference

News

When was NBC founded?

1926

The interpretive approaches of the European school of media research were built on the writings of philosophers like _____

Karl Marx

What was Mickey Mouse's original name?

Mortimer

What was the first sound cartoon?

Mickey Mouse

Why is the press considered the Fourth Estate?

Because it checks on the three branches of government (Legislative, Judicial and Executive branches)

What are the legislation to prevent manipulation of competitive landscape?

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), Celler-Kefauver Act (1950), Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

What is ethics?

A set of principles that guide behavior in terms of what is considered right and wrong?