Exceptional Learners Final

ED: Who coined the term emotional disturbance?

Dr. Izard

ED: What are the 7 emotions humans are born with?

Joy, Anger, Disgust, Fear, Sadness, Surprise, Interest

ED: Define emotional disturbance.

A condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time (6 months or more) and to a marked degree (extreme) that adversely affects a child’s educational performance

ED: True or False-

Emotional disturbance includes schizophrenia, but shall not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they have an emotional disturbance

True

ED: What are the 5 characteristics for the eligibility criteria of emotional disturbances?

1- An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors

2- An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers

3- Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances

4- A general, pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression

5- A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems

ED: True or False-

Girls outnumber boys

False

ED: True or false-

Externalizing problems are most commonly identified (but also the easiest to identify)

True

ED: True or False-

As adults students with ED/ED can experience the best outcomes of any group of individuals with disabilities.

False

ED: Explain the biological factors that can cause ED/BD

• Genetics, most notably schizophrenia

• Brain damage or dysfunction (before, during or after birth; anoxia, prolonged high fever, toxic agents, TBI)

• Temperament

• Malnutrition and allergies

• Physical illness (Health, sleep disorders, undiagnosed diseases)

ED: Explain the home and family causal factors for ED/BD

• Family structure (family size, birth order, divorce, absent parent, ecological)

• Child management (discipline and punishment)

• Child abuse or neglect

• External pressures (poverty, homelessness, unemployment)

ED: Explain the school causal factors for ED/BD

• Low academic achievement (possible low IQ in normal range)

• Social skills (Difficulty adjusting to changing situations)

• Inappropriate expectations or management of behavior (insensitivity to students’ individuality)

• Ineffective instruction and management

ED: Explain the cultural causal factors of ED/BD

• Mass media (TV, movies, news reports, video games)

• Peers (Lack of friends or peer pressure)

• Conflicting cultural differences

ED: True or False-

Violent video games can lead to more violent and aggressive behavior

True

ED: What are the 6 possible types of assessments to identify if a student has a ED/BD?

1- Behavior Rating Scales

2- Personality or Self-Esteem Inventories

3- Sociometric tests (Who would you most like to sit by?)

4- Medical and Family Histories

5- Informal Classroom Observations

6- Functional Behavior Assessments (FBA)

ED: What are the 4 “w” questions when identifying ED/BD?

Why, what, when, where

ED: What are externalizing behaviors?

• Violates the basic rights of others

• Fights

• Hostile

• Defiant

• Steals

• Physically/Verbally aggressive

• Causes or threatens harm to people, animals, or property

• Tantrums

• Violates societal norms

ED: What are 7 types of disorders that fall under ED/BD?

1- Attention and Activity Disorders

2- Conduct Disorder; Overt Aggression (CD)

3- Conduct Disorder; Covert Antisocial

4- Delinquency, Substance Abuse, Early Sexual Activity

5- Anxiety and Related Disorders

6- Mood Disorders

7-Schizophrenia and Pervasive and Developmental Disorders

ED: What are internalizing factors?

• Neglected or teased by peers

• Depressed

• Withdrawn

• Shy

• Excessive worries

• Panic attacks

• Anorexic/bulimic

• Suicidal ideation

• Fears and Phobias

ED: Explain how or what attention and activity disorders relate to ED/BD

ADHD

ED: Explain how or what conduct disorders (over aggression) CD relate to ED/BD

• Acting out, violence, profanity, bullying

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD); hostile behaviors, arguing with adults, feeling unappreciated, resentful

ED: Explain how or what conduct disorders (covert antisocial) relate to ED/BD

• All externalizing factors

• Stealing, lying, cheating, vandalism, truancy, fire setting

ED: Explain how or what delinquency, substance abuse, and early sexual activity relate to ED/BD

• Violation of laws (gang behavior)

• Misuse of drugs or alcohol

• Peak age is 15-17

ED: Explain how or what anxiety and related disorders relate to ED/BD

• Generalized anxiety disorder

• OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

• School phobias

• Panic Attacks

• Selective mutism

• Eating disorders

• Sleep disorders

• Elimination disorders

ED: Explain school phobias

• 5% of students, most common at age 5/6 or 11/12

• Social or academic anxiety

‘

ED: How or what mood disorders relate to ED/BD

• Depression

• Bipolar disorder

• Suicide

ED: Explain how or what schizophrenia and pervasive developmental disorders related to ED/BD

• Schizophrenia

• PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder)

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

ED: What are the 9 major approaches to treatment for students with ED/BD?

1- Psychoanalytic

2- Psychoeducational

3- Humanistic

4- Ecological

5- Behaviorist

6- Social Learning

7- Medications

8- Cognitively Behavioral Interventions

9- Reinforcement and punishment

ED: What is psychoanalytic interventions?

• Play therapy

• Emphasis on emotions

• Therapy animals

• Art, music, and role play

• Play based approach

ED: Explain psychoeducational interventions?

• P→T→F→B; Perception →Thoughts →Feelings →Behaviors

• Life Space Crisis Intervention

ED: Explain humanistic interventions?

Getting basic needs met

ED: Explain ecological interventions?

• Environmental Influences

• People, Places or things

ED: Explain behaviorist interventions?

• Behavior is learned, ABA

• ABC; Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence

ED: Explain social learning interventions?

Modeling and imitation

ED: Explain medication interventions?

• Psychotropic medications

• Antidepressants

• Anti-anxiety

• Stimulants

• Antipsychotics

• Mood stabilizers

ED: Explain cognitive behavior interventions?

• Emphasis on one’s thoughts

• Self-management and regulation

• Think-do-review

• Stop-think-do

• Hassle logs completed by child

ED: What are some general intervention strategies?

• Analyze every situation before you act

• Be aware of legal and ethical concerns

• Stay calm, be respectful

• Ensure safety

• Don’t do more talking than you need to - talk to students privately

• Work to build relationships with students

• Be consistent, supportive, fair; establish rules with consequences

ED: True or False-

Time out is effective even if the child is being removed from an activity they do not want to participate in.

False

ASD: Who first described autism and when?

Leo Kanner in 1943

ASD: What is the ratio of girls to boys? And what sex is more likely to have severe autism?

• Boys: girls = 3:1

• Girls are often more severe

ASD: What age are children typically diagnosed with ASD?

30 Months

ASD: How many children have ASD?

1 in 44 children

ASD: Why are there more ASD diagnoses?

Better assessments and testing

ASD: What are the key parts of the definition for ASD?

• Affects verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction

• Repetitive activities and stereotyped movements

• Resistance to change (routines or environmental)

• Unusual responses to sensory experiences

• Adversely affects a child academic performance

ASD: What deficits must be present for an ASD diagnosis?

• Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity

• Deficits in nonverbal communication

• Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

ASD: What are 4 restrictive or repetitive behaviors required for an ASD diagnosis?

1- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements (use of objects)

2- Insistence on sameness, difficulty with any change

3- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity

4- Hyper or hyperactivity to sensory experiences

ASD: What are the other 3 criteria about symptoms for a child to be diagnosed with ASD?

1- Symptoms must be present in early developmental period

2- Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, and other areas of functioning

3- Symptoms are not better explained by ID or a global developmental delay

ASD: What are 2 possible causal factors of ASD?

1- Abnormalities in brain development

2- Possible genetic link or abnormality

ASD: What are 3 areas of characteristics that can be affected by ASD?

1- Language

2- Social Development

3- Repetitive Behaviors

ASD: Explain how language can be impacted by ASD

• Delayed or limited language development

• Echolalia

• Limited gestures

• Attention to only one topic

ASD: Explain how social development can be impacted by ASD

• Atypical social development

• Delays and limitations in social interactions

• Lack of peer relationships and reciprocity

ASD: What is theory of mind?

• Failure to understand that other people have thoughts and feelings

• Struggle to recognize the emotions and feelings of others

• Struggle to initiate or maintain social interactions

ASD: What fraction of students with ASD have some form of self-injurious behavior?

1/4

ASD: What are 7 interventions for a student with ASD?

1- Calm, consistent, and firm discipline

2- Direct and specific instruction

3- Alternative ways of speech (ASL, AAC)

4- Teach about the emotions of self and others

5- Providing visual aids or clues

6- Learn and practice social skills in small groups

7- Tangible rewards

ASD- Explain how repetitive behavior can be impacted by ASD

• Can serve as self-regulating behavior

• Obsessions

• Insistence on sameness

• Preservation or self-injurious

P&F: What are the additional pressures families of children with disabilities experience?

• High demands for time and care

• Social isolation

• Behavior management

• Finding babysitters

• Actual or perceived stigmas

P&F: True or False-

Families of a child with a disability can also go through the 8 stages of grief

True

P&F: What are the 4 most stressful times for families when their child is diagnosed with a disability?

1- When the diagnosis is first given

2- When the child starts school

3- When the child leaves school

4- When parents are unable to continue to care for the child

P&F: How are siblings affected by a sibling’s diagnosis with a disability?

• Resentment or embarrassment

• Feel a lack of attention

• Can be more aware and empathetic to others

P&F: What are the 8 stages of grief?

1- Anger

2- Denial

3- Projection of blame

4- Fear

5- Rejection

6- Depression

7- Bargaining

8- Acceptance and search for cure

P&F: True or False-

Parents do not know their child best, and therefore working with them is not that important

False

P&F: What are 4 important parts to planning an IEP?

1- Planning phase (What will happen during the meeting?)

2- Opening phase (Welcome and introduce all parties of the IEP meeting)

3- Continuing phase (Exchange information and talk)

4- Closing phase (Review what was discussed and ensure a plan is made to move forward)

G: What are the 8 different intelligences?

1- Linguistic

2- Logical; Mathematical

3- Spatial

4- Musical

5- Bodily; Kinesthetic

6- Interpersonal (connection with others)

7- Intrapersonal (independence)

8- Naturalist

G: Define gifted according to the state of Kansas

An IQ of 130 or above; or scoring on the 95th or 97th percentiles on assessments

G: What are some flaws with using an IQ test to determine if a student is gifted?

1- What is intelligence?

2- May be biased

3- Not all questions accurately determine a person’s IQ

4- Does not address creativity or talent

G: What is the Renzulli definition?

Interaction of three human traits; high ability, high task commitment, high creativity

G: What are possible causal factors of giftedness?

• Heredity

• Environment

• Cultural differences

G: True or False-

IQ can be increased or decreased by as much as 20 points

True

G: True or False-

Girls are not under-identified

False

G: What are 2 main interventions for gifted students?

1- Enrichment (Special classes, field trips, special experiences)

2- Acceleration (Possible grade skipping or early entrance)

G: True or False-

Gifted students still have a unique way of learning and should be encouraged to try challenging tasks

True

What are the 5 inter-related factors of society and culture?

1. Stigma around disabilities (parents)

2. Diet

3. Stereotypes

4. Laws regarding SPED

5. Discrimination

What are 5 inter-related factors regarding medical factors?

1. Prenatal testing

2. Medications

3. Cost of therapies/treatment

4. Accessibility

5. Medical Absents/Frequent

What are 5 inter-related factors about technology?

1. Cost

2. Video games

3. AAC or other devices

4. Medically Fragile Students

5. Use of too much technology

What are 5 inter-related factors about values, beliefs, and attitudes?

1. Mainstreaming vs. inclusion

2. Diagnosis and 8 stages of grief

3. IEP and 504

4. Standardized testing

5. Discipline

What are 5 inter-related factors about economics?

1. Cost of in school services (who pays?)

2. Poverty/homelessness

3. Redlining

4. Inflation

5. Government budget