Chem 111 Ch 4 Lecture 1 Solutions Molarity Precipitate Reactions

Chemical Reactions Lab

An experiment involving the study of chemical reactions, including balancing reactions and identifying their types.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced equations.

Molarity

The concentration of a solution measured as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Volumetric Flask

A type of laboratory glassware calibrated to contain a precise volume of liquid.

Electrolyte

A substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water, typically strong acids, bases, and soluble salts.

Dissociation

The process by which ionic compounds separate into their individual ions when dissolved in water.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid formed when two aqueous solutions react.

Solubility Rules

Guidelines used to determine whether a compound will dissolve in water.

Double Displacement Reaction

A type of chemical reaction where the cations and anions of two different compounds switch places.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that only includes the ions and molecules that undergo a chemical change during a reaction.

Concentration

The amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution.

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually by adding more solvent.

Solvent

The substance in which a solute is dissolved, resulting in a solution.

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Ionic Compound

A compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Weak Electrolytes

Substances that do not dissociate completely in solution, resulting in limited electrical conductivity.

Strong Electrolytes

Substances that fully dissociate into ions in solution, leading to high electrical conductivity.

Soluble

Describes a substance that can dissolve in a solvent.

Insoluble

Describes a substance that cannot dissolve in a solvent.

Aqueous Solutions

Solutions where water is the solvent.

Cation

A positively charged ion.

Anion

A negatively charged ion.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction

A reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two species.